Knowledge and Attitudes of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Towards the

Availability at Home Among Junior High School Students in Bandung

Citra Dewi Anggraini

and Kusharisupeni Djokosujono

Department of Nutrition, Institut Kesehatan Mitra Bunda, Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia

Department Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia,

Gedung F Lantai 2 Kampus Baru UI Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Availability of SSBs at Home.

Abstract: Teenagers with the availability of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) at home consumed more sweet drinks

compared to teenagers whose sweet drinks were never available at home. The availability of SSBs is

influenced by taste preferences, ease of purchase, and the belief that fruit-containing SSBs are healthy. This

study aims to determine the relationship between Knowledge and Attitudes of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

(SSBs) towards the Availability of SSBs at Home among Junior High School Students in Bandung. This study

was conducted in February and March 2020 at SMPN 2 Bandung with a total of 153 respondents, using a

cross-sectional study design. Data is collected by filling out the questionnaires. The obtained data were

analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. Data were analyzed using the chi-

square test. The results showed there is a relation between knowledge about sugar-sweetened beverages with

the Availability of SSBs at Home (p= 0.039) and there is a relation between attitudes about sugar-sweetened

beverages with the Availability of SSBs at Home (p= 0.028). The conclusion of this study is there is a

relationship between Knowledge and Attitudes toward Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) toward the

Availability of SSBs at Home among Junior High School Students in Bandung.

1 INTRODUCTION

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are defined as

beverages with added sugar include sports drinks,

sugar-improved tea and espresso, soda pops, and

electrolyte-substitution drinks. The calories

contained in SSBs give practically no dietary benefit

and less satiety, when contrasted with strong food

(Teng et al., 2020). A diet high in added sugars can

lead to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes

mellitus and cardiovascular disease by direct and

indirect mechanisms. Directly, fructose causes

dysregulation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

Indirectly, sugar increases energy intake which leads

to a positive energy balance, increasing body weight

gain, which in turn causes dysregulation of

macronutrients such as carbohydrate and fat

metabolism (Stanhope, 2016).

Based on Riset Kesehatan Dasar, the proportion

of consumption of sugary drinks > 1 time/day at the

national level increased from 53.1% in 2013 to

61.27% in 2018 (Kemenkes, 2013; Kemenkes, 2018).

In the West Java region in 2018 consumption of sweet

drinks > 1 time per day with 63.91%, consumption of

sweet drinks 1-6 times per week, with 29.03%, and

<3 times per month is 7.06% (Ministry of Health RI,

2018). Consumption of calories from beverage

ingredients in the West Java region is 75.95 kcal/day

(BPS, 2018).

Knowledge and attitudes play an important role in

shaping an individual's consumption of sugar-

sweetened beverages (SSB). Knowledge refers to the

awareness and understanding that individuals have

about the health implications of consuming SSB. This

includes knowing about the high sugar content,

calories, and potential health risks associated with

frequent consumption. Less knowledge related to

SSBs was associated with higher SSB consumption

(OR = 3.56) and adolescents who had a negative

attitude tended to consume more carbonated drinks

than adolescents who had a positive attitude (Fauzia,

2012; Jasti, Rubin & Doak, 2017).

Individuals who know well the negative impact of

SSB on health and high sugar content, but still

provide SSB drinks at home can lead to conflicts

between knowledge and behavior.

Anggraini, C. D. and Djokosujono, K.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Towards the Availability at Home Among Junior High School Students in Bandung.

DOI: 10.5220/0012902900004564

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2023), pages 181-184

ISBN: 978-989-758-727-6; ISSN: 2975-8297

181

2 SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The sample for this study was taken from subjects in

the study population according to the research needs.

Subjects that fit the research needs (eligible subjects)

were determined through inclusion criteria. The

inclusion criteria for this study were students of

SMPN 2 Bandung who were in active status as grade

7 and 8 students in the even semester of the

2019/2020 school year and were present and filled out

a questionnaire during the research. As for the

exclusion criteria, namely, students who do not live

with their parents or the student's parents are

traveling, they cannot sign informed consent.

The technique used in taking samples in each class

is systematic random sampling. The sample selection

begins with the selection of schools that are in the

favorite category, have a good environment, the

location of the school in the city center makes it easier

for students to consume SSBs, and the majority have

high socio-economic status.

2.1 Measures

The questionnaire is a question sheet filled out by

students, while the researcher is only a companion or

guide. Another questionnaire was shown to the

parents of the students who were brought home and

returned to the researcher.

A questionnaire consisted of respondents' identity

questionnaire regarding the availability of Sugar-

Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) at home, the frequency

of SSB consumption, and knowledge related to SSBs,

attitudes related to SSBs.

The Knowledge Questionnaire related to SSBs

was carried out to find out the types of SSBs, the

benefits of consumption SSBs and the impact of SSBs

consumption on health consisting of 15 questions,

knowledge is good if the value of knowledge is >

60%, and knowledge is poor if the value of

knowledge is < 60%. Attitudes related to SSBs, that

is a person's response to a stimulus related to the

respondent's view of the consumption of sweet

drinks. Positive attitude if > median and negative

attitude if < median.

Availability of SSBs at home which include milk

with added sugar, tea with added sugar, regular soda,

sports drinks, fruit drinks with added sugar, coffee

drinks with added sugar, energy drinks, sweetened

condensed milk drinks, and packaged chocolate

drinks with added sugar. Rare category, if the total

score < the mean of the total score of sweetened sugar

availability beverages at home, and often category, if

the total score > the mean of the total score of

availability of sugar-sweetened beverages at home.

3 RESULT

Table 1 shows that the majority of the respondents

had good knowledge and were well-informed about

sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as many as 101

respondents (66%) and 52 respondents (34%) had less

knowledge. Questions related to SSB knowledge

included SSB content, types of SSBs, and the impact

of SSB consumption. In addition, it is also known that

most respondents have a positive attitude, or in this

case, they tend not to like sugar-sweetened beverages,

namely 91 respondents (59.5%), compared to

respondents with a negative attitude, namely those

who like sugar-sweetened beverages, namely 62

respondents (40.5%).

Most of the respondents had the availability of

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) at home in the

frequent category, namely as many as 81 respondents

(52.9%), while as many as 72 respondents (47.1%)

SSBs were rarely available at their homes.

Table 1: Distribution of Knowledge, Attitudes, and

Availability at Home of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in

2020 among Junior High School Students in Bandung.

Variable

Total (n=153)

n %

Knowledge of SSBs

Poor 52 34,0

Good 101 66,0

Atitudes of SSBs

Negative 62 40,5

Positive 91 59,5

Ability of SSBs

Often 81 52,9

Rate 72 47,1

Data were analyzed using chi-square test. The

results showed there is a relation between knowledge

about sugar-sweetened beverages with the

Availability of SSBs at Home (p= 0.039) and there is

a relation between attitudes about sugar-sweetened

beverages with the Availability of SSBs at Home (p=

0.028).

ICSDH 2023 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

182

Table 2: Bivariate Analysis between Knowledge and

Attitudes of SSBs to Availability of Sugar-Sweetened

Beverages at Home in 2020 among Junior High School

Students in Bandung.

Variable

Availability of

Sugar-Sweetened

Beverages at Home

p-value

test)

(95% CI)

Often Rare

n (%) n (%)

Knowled

e of SSBs

Poor 21 (40,4) 31 (59,6)

0,039* 0,463

Good 60 (59,4) 41 (40,6)

Attitudes of SSBs

Negative 40 (64,5) 22 (35,5)

0,028* 2,217

Positive 41 (45,1) 50 (54,9)

* Significant level of p < 0,05

4 DISCUSSION

The results showed there is a relation of knowledge

about sugar-sweetened beverages with the

Availability of SSBs at Home (p= 0.039). As

knowledge levels were considered relatively low, this

might mirror respondents with a low degree of

mindfulness in pursuing beneficial routines related to

keeping away from SSBs and restricting their

admission overall (Teng et al., 2020). Research

conducted by Wattelez shows that among adolescents

who are categorized as “unknowing” for knowledge

related to sugar consumption, those who are

overweight have a higher intake of sugar-sweetened

beverages than others (Wattelez et al., 2019).

In the study, it was found that 44 respondents

(61.1%) had SSBs available at home in the rare

category and consumed high SSBs, while 63

respondents (77.8%) had frequent SSBs available at

home. Adolescents with low availability of SSBs at

home and severe family food rules, restricting them

to drink as much SSBs as they like, were bound to

diminish their intake than understudies with high

accessibility of SSBs and liberal weight control plans

(Ezendam et al, 2010).

If SSBs are readily available at home, individuals

with positive attitudes toward these beverages may

see them as convenient and enjoyable. They might

view SSBs as a quick and accessible way to satisfy

their thirst or cravings. This research showed there is

a relation between attitudes about sugar-sweetened

beverages with the Availability of Sugar-Sweetened

Beverages (SSBs) at Home (p= 0.028). SSB

consumers with often frequency tend to have a low

understanding regarding the health impact of to

consumption of SSBs which causes subjects to ignore

the sugar content in 1 bottle of SSBs (Miller et al.,

2019).

Availability makes it easier for adolescents to

access SSBs compared to other beverage options.

This ease of access can lead to a higher likelihood of

choosing SSBs over alternatives like water, milk, or

unsweetened beverages. Research conducted by Sari

shows that the dominant factor is correlated to SSB

consumption in SMAN 47 Jakarta students the

availability of SSB at home can influence SSB

consumption (Sari et al., 2022). Adolescents might

choose SSBs simply because they lack alternatives if

healthier beverage options are less available at home

Parents might impact the admission of SSBs

among youths since they are the primary purchasers

in the family. Parents act as good examples and

facilitators in affecting youngsters' weight control

plans. The intense usage of SSBs among teenagers

can be brought about by an absence of parental

guidelines at home which limits the utilization of

SSBs. Parents who are unable to apply restrictions on

the consumption of SSBs in their children cause

children to consume one to two SSBs per day (Gan et

al., 2019).

Several research results show that educational/

social mediations are compelling in diminishing SSB

utilization in young people and adults (Vézina et al.,

2017; Gupta et al, 2018). Therefore, efforts to

decreased consumption of SSBs in children could

profit from the consideration of instructive

mediations that engage kids and their folks/parental

figures (in light of multiple factors; for instance,

having command over the accessibility of beverages

in the home and being good examples) to go with

healthy decisions (Smirk et al., 2021).

5 CONCLUSIONS

The conclusion of this study there is the relationship

between Knowledge and Attitudes of Sugar-

Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) toward the Availability

of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) at Home

among Junior High School Students in Bandung. The

suggestion in this research is for parents to limit the

availability of SSBs at home, and replace them with

healthier drinks such as plain milk, less sugar or zero

sugar soft drinks, or fruit juices without added sugar.

Parents' attitudes are often strongly influenced by the

well-being of their children. If parents are concerned

about the health effects of SSBs, they might limit

their availability at home to promote healthier choices

for their family.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Towards the Availability at Home Among Junior High School Students in Bandung

183

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