Alisher Navoi Author's Corpus: Relevance, Necessity and Significance

Manzura Abjalova

, Nargiza Gulomova

and Gulrux Xasanova

Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Navoi Innovations University, Uzbekistan

Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Alisher Navoi, Devan (Collection), Author's Corpus, Ghazel, Interface, Representation, Metadata, Linguistic

Corpus.

Abstract: The corpus of authorship is a system that consists of a set of texts belonging to a certain author. It is an

electronic database based on the semantic classification and research of the writer’s writing style, language,

and text features in his works using information technologies. The author’s corpus is different from other

corpora. In its base, the works of a certain author are collected, texts are processed, grammatically and

semantically tagged, necessary information and linguistic expressions are determined from the author’s

materials through the search system, statistical data is provided based on the texts, and metadata is provided.

Thus, the author’s corpus has a wide-ranging search system, it is an electronic database that covers all types

and genres of works created by the author, has the possibility of searching based on special parameters, is not

limited in size and it is possible to obtain sources easily and quickly related to the author and his work. The

article provides information on the importance of Alisher Navoi author's corpus in the educational process,

the need to create a corpus, the information available in the semantic base of the corpus, and the features of

semantic tagging of 650 gazels in the collection “Badoye’ ul-vasat” written by Navoi.

1 INTRODUCTION

Corpus (Latin means “body”) is a complex of

language units stored electronically, a source of

solving various problems for linguists, and a system

of linguo-didactic and educational value for users.

Corpus linguistics is a branch of computer linguistics

whose object is natural language texts and language

corpora. The type of corpus consisting of a base of

almost all types of texts of a particular language,

processed with linguistic annotations for different

purposes is the corpus of the national language, and

special corpora intended for a specific purpose are its

special / structural type. Also, accentological corpus,

parallel corpus, author's corpus, newspaper corpus,

educational corpus, artistic text corpus, etc.

Relevance Of Alisher Navoi Author's Corpus.

Nowadays, the creation and development of author's

corpora has become one of the most advanced areas

of modern corpus linguistics. Author's corpora can be

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1927-2669

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-1799

used to identify the authors of even anonymous works

of art.

Decree No. PF-5850, issued by President Sh.

Mirziyoev of the Republic of Uzbekistan on October

21, 2019, aims to significantly enhance the status and

prominence of the Uzbek language as the state

language. The decree includes objectives such as

elevating the status and prestige of the Uzbek

language, ensuring its proper integration into

information and communication technologies,

especially the Internet, within the global information

network, and developing computer programs tailored

for the Uzbek language. Furthermore, to actively

integrate the state language into modern information

technologies and communications, as outlined in the

Concept of Uzbek language development and

language policy improvement for 2020-2030,

approved by the President's Decree on measures to

develop the Uzbek language and improve language

policy in the country dated October 20, 2020, there is

a need to create extensive electronic resources

containing comprehensive scientific, theoretical, and

598

Abjalova, M., Gulomova, N. and Xasanova, G.

Alisher Navoi Author’s Corpus: Relevance, Necessity and Signiﬁcance.

DOI: 10.5220/0012906600003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 598-604

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

practical information about the Uzbek language. It is

also crucial to promote the Uzbek language on the

Internet and ensure its significant presence in the

global information network. As experts in this field,

we bear a great responsibility to achieve these

objectives.

To effectively implement these objectives and

enhance the oral and written proficiency of students

and learners, it is essential to explore the linguistic

richness of the Uzbek language from the 15th century.

This involves conducting scientific research and

engaging educators in educational institutions.

Additionally, promoting Alisher Navoi's creative

legacy globally requires widespread preservation of

our national heritage in modern information and

communication systems. To achieve this, it is crucial

to promote the works of our ancestors among young

people and create philological corpora that present

examples of classic literature in a fluent and

understandable manner. This includes establishing an

Alisher Navoi author's corpus and semantically

tagging Navoi's creative heritage, which are

important tasks in this regard. Therefore, in the first

step, in most of the educational literature issued for

secondary education, examples of works of Navoi

“Badoye’ ul-vasat” in the “Khazayin ul-maoni”

collection are created so that students can read and

understand the works of Alisher Navoi, understand

Navoi and familiarize students with Navoi. His

author's corpus was created based on the semantic

tags of 650 ghazels in the “Badoye’ ul-vasat” divan.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Principal Vocabularies Used

Alisher Navoi author’s corpus contains thousands of

lexemes related to the author’s ghazels, semantic

tagging of the texts collected in the corpus, providing

the lexical meanings of the words by explaining them,

allowing the reader to quickly and easily understand

the contextual meaning of the word, analysing the

lexical compatibility of various word combinations,

their combinatorial ability, allows you to determine

whether a certain syntactic construction is acceptable

or not.

“The language of Navoi’s” works were defined by

P.Shamsiyev and S.Ibrohimov in explaining the

current lexical meaning of the words in the ghazels of

the “Badoye ul-vasat” divan, the 4-volume

explanatory dictionary of the language of Alisher

Navoi’s works under the editorship of E.Fazilov, Yu.

Berdak’s Navoi language dictionary and the

dictionary of literary works of Mumtaz and the

“Dictionary of works of Alisher Navoi” by H.

Muhammad were used.

The Need to Create this Corpus

In world and Uzbek philology, a lot of research has

been done on Alisher Navoi’s work, his personality,

translation of his works. Till now, there are sites that

collect Alisher Navoi’s biography and the texts of his

works, various mobile applications and works of

Navoi’s works in pdf format, as well as several

explanatory logs created on the language of Alisher

Navoi’s works. But this alone is not enough for the

modern student to study Alisher Navoi’s work,

understand his vocabulary, and understand Navoi.

Information on the life and work of Alisher Navoi

in world literature and in the field of information

technologies is covered on the web pages. However,

neither in world linguistics nor in literary studies,

developments have been made that could create

Alisher Navoi author's corpus. This corpus is

expected to be one of the innovative and practical

developments.

Today, there are websites, various mobile

applications, and Navoi's works in PDF format that

contain his biography and texts. However, this

information is insufficient for modern readers to fully

grasp Navoi's work, appreciate its quality, and

understand the man himself. To enhance the study of

Navoi's corpus, a semantically tagged database is

necessary. This database would provide explanations

for words that may be challenging for contemporary

readers, helping them understand the meaning of such

words in the context of his poetry.

Semantic Base of Alisher Navoi Author’s Corpus

650 ghazels in “Badoye’ ul-vasat” book, proverbs,

expressions, archaism, historical words, poetic arts

such as telmeh, tashbih, tanosub, irsoli masal, etc.

Alisher Navoi author's corpus in a new format was

created for special secondary and higher education

students, and a search interface in the corpus was also

developed for the convenience of users. As a result of

this, users will be able to develop the skills of working

independently with Navoi’s work, generally, the

sources of the 15th century, and the ability to

understand the vocabulary of that period.

In order to turn Navoi’s work into a readable

process, to understand Navoi’s philosophy, and to

learn and understand the grammar of the 15th century

language, it was determined that the text of Navoi’s

works must be grammatically equalized. As the

ghazels, which are an invaluable treasure of Alisher

Navoi’s work, are semantically equalized in the

Alisher Navoi Author’s Corpus: Relevance, Necessity and Signiﬁcance

599

corpus of the authorship, the content and importance

of the educational, socio-political, philosophical-

ethical issues expressed by the creator, along with the

gloss of the artistic symbols presented in the genre,

are reflected in the variety of poetic arts, artistic

image, logical reasoning. the importance is trivial. 21,

226 explanatory words, more than 5,000 archaisms,

170 historicisms, 43 proverbs, 30 expressions, 236

words related to the art of talmekh, 164 words with

the opposite meaning (tazod) for Alisher Navoi MK

in the “Badoye ul-vasat” divan. The tagging of lexical

units related to 806 ratios and 124 tashbih poetic art

became the basis for the creation of Alisher Navoi

AC.

Figure 1: Content of Semantic tagged base of Alisher Navoi

AC.

The "Badoye' ul-vasat" divan contains 5001

ghazals, totalling 10002 lines and 66539 words. Each

ghazal consists of 6 to 13 stanzas: 1 stanza with 6

stanzas, 437 with 7 stanzas, 8 with 8 stanzas, 187 with

9 stanzas, 1 with 10 stanzas, 14 with 11 stanzas, 1

with 12 stanzas, and 1 with 13 stanzas. This

information provides a comprehensive overview of

the structure and contents of the divan, which is

valuable for studying Alisher Navoi's poetry. [12].

Such statistical analyses of Alisher Navoi MK are

considered important, they give the user a clear

account and show the scope of work on the database.

The wise words and phrases created by Navoi

have become folk proverbs, while his figurative

artistic expressions have enriched the phraseology of

the Uzbek language. Through such combinations and

expressions, he summarized the typical

characteristics of events in social life, characteristic

of folk wisdom, and showed the possibilities of short,

concise, and meaningful expression. More than 50

proverbs and stanzas, each featuring a fixed number

of combinations of phrases, are being scientifically

analysed and incorporated into column 5 of the

ghazels found in the "Badoye ul-vasat" divan.

Creating a semantic database of explanatory

words found in Alisher Navoi’s ghazels and

integrating them into the author's corpus plays a

pivotal role in the meticulous examination of rare

instances within our classical literature, as well as in

the cultivation of our national spirituality.

Throughout the process of semantic equalization of

the ghazels, it becomes apparent that certain words

convey more than ten distinct meanings. This

polysemy not only underscores Navoi's mastery of

music but also highlights his exceptional skill in

crafting rich, multifaceted verses. In order to

understand deeply, catch and understand the essence

of Navoi’s ghazels, scientific and artistic analysis of

every stanza and every word used in the ghazel is

important that helps in quick and easy understanding,

ensures its fluency.

We are currently working on the practical project

"Creation of Alisher Navoi Author's Corpus"

numbered AL-662205561 to fill the base of this

corpus with semantic tagging of other works of

Alisher Navoi. In the project, 1950 ghazals from

Navoi's collection "Khazayin ul-Maoni" will be

semantically tagged.

The "Khazayin ul-maoni" is indeed a remarkable

collection, encompassing four divans that offer

unique insights into various stages of life: "Garayib

us-sigar" (Extraordinaries of youth), "Navodir us-

shabab" (Rarities of youth), "Badoye ul-vasat" (Arts

of middle age), and "Favoyid ul-kibar" (Benefits of

old age). These divans not only provide a glimpse into

the poet's profound understanding of human

experience but also showcase his mastery of language

and poetic form.

Today there are websites, various mobile

applications, and including works of Navoi’s works

in pdf format, which contain Alisher Navoi’s

biography and the text of his works. But this little bit

is not enough for the modern reader to study Alisher

Navoi’s work, understand his quality, and understand

Navoi. In order to complete this chapter in Navoi’s

corpus, a semantic tagged base is necessary to know

21226

5000

170

236

164

806

124

Content of Semantic tagged base

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the explanation of the words that the reader has

difficulty understanding today and to understand the

meaning of such a word in the line.

3 RESULTS

The corpus consists of 8 columns:

Column 1: Alisher Navoi’s biography section is a

database about the thinker’s life and creative activity.

Column 2: Simple and special search by corpus.

When you type the de-sired word in the search page,

all ghazel verses that use this word will be dis-played

in the search window. By referring to any of the

ghazels, the text of the ghazels and metadata related

to the ghazel can be read.

Column 3: 8 divan texts belonging to Alisher

Navoi (including the first di-van compiled by his

fans).

Column 4: Alisher Navoi’s works (odes; written

on scientific, artistic, religious, historical, religious

topics) are collected and can be used as a database.

Column 5: 650 ghazels and poetic works in

Badoye ul-vasatdevan are presented to the user with

semantic tags.

Column 6: About Alisher Navoi’s corps.

Column 7: research results for this corpus.

Column 8: information about the authors of the

corpus.

The created corpus can serve as a source of

satisfaction of spiritual needs for specialists,

educational material at training stages, and a source

of information related to fields.

Alisher Navoi’s corpus of authorship has

educational, historical, linguistic, social, educational,

and spiritual significance, and the creation of this

corpus creates the following opportunities:

 Studying Navoi’s personality.

 Study of literary style.

 Linguo-poetic analysis of the poet’s work.

 Researching the possibility and skill of the

creator.

 creation of author’s dictionaries.

 compilation of author’s phrases.

 finding the author of anonymous works

through parameters that show the personality

and style of the creator in AC.

 author’s paraphrase, summary of wisdom; it

is possible to determine the scope of use of

figurative expressions from the context of the

creator.

Representation of Alisher Navoi Authors Corpus

Representativeness means that all information about

the text is given. Represented texts have their source,

style, period of writing, author, age of audience, type

of text clearly indication [11]. 650 ghazels available

in the divan were separately represented in the

author’s corpus created on the basis of the Badoye ul-

vasat divan. A total of 20 types of metadata were

formed according to the content of each ghazel

(oshiqona, orifona, rindona), the age of the audience

(15+, 18+), the number of word forms used in the

ghazel.

Metadata for Alisher Navoi’s “Badoye ul-vasat”

divan ghazels include:

1. Title of the work (“Badoye ul-vasat”).

2. Author (Alisher Navoi)

3. Gender of the author (male).

4. The author’s year of birth (February 9, 1441).

5. The year of the author’s death (January 3, 1501)

6. The time when the devan was created (1492-

1498 years)

7. Year of publication (2011).

8. Publication parameter (number).

9.Publishing house (“Tamaddun” LLC publishing

house).

10. Field of application (literature).

11. Literary type (lyric).

12. Genre (ghazel).

13. Time and place of the event (Herat).

14. Text style (artistic).

15. Text type (orifona, romance, rindona).

16. Audience age (15+, 18+ years).

17.Potential of the audience (for the public).

18. Type of internal corpus (author’s).

19. Amount of word form (66 539).

20. Tagger (G‘ulomova N.)

In the future, it is intended that Alisher Navoi’s

corpus of works will be covered as corpus units of all

his writings in prose and verse, scientific, historical,

philosophical, and religious works of the thinker.

Software of the Corpus

A corpus in its modern sense is a reliable database on

a computer, in the pro-cess of its creation, special

programs are used. HTML, CSS, JS, programming

languages, Bootstrap5, JQUERY design frameworks

were used to create the de-sign of Alisher Navoi’s

ghazels. Figure 2 shows the Business Process Model

and Notation (BPMN) of Alisher Navoi author’s

corpus. Using the Python programming language and

the Django framework, the general and special search

part of Alisher Navoi’s corpus ensures that the

Alisher Navoi Author’s Corpus: Relevance, Necessity and Signiﬁcance

601

Figure 2: Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) of Alisher Navoi author’s corpus.

semantic tag is displayed on the screen when you

click on the explanatory words in the ghazels. Since

the interface is considered the first impression of the

case, ensuring its perfection in a unique design is a

very important process. National and, at the same

time, modern features were taken into account when

creating the interface of Alisher Navoi’s author’s

corpus.

4 DISCUSSION

Historical Significance of Alisher Navoi Author's

Corpus

In Navoi’s ghazels, there are many stanzas with the

participation of historical, literary, mythical figures,

geographical and ethnic place names, which create

the art of talmekh from an artistic point of view, the

most important thing is that in the process of

determining the meaning of the words in the reading

stanza, historical, artistic figures and geographical,

ethnic place names will also have information about.

For example, in the ghazels of “Badoye ul-vasat”

divan, he referred to the word Kavsar 23 times, and

this word expresses the meanings of material and

spiritual fullness:

Figure 3: Understanding the meaning of words in the ghazel.

The Linguistic Significance of Alisher Navoi

Author's Corpus

The author’s corpus has the opportunity to show

completely the author’s language, in detail, and

objectively, so such corpuses are distinguished from

other information banks by their advantage. The

corpus can serve as a basis, source, tool for various

types of research. Another advantage of such corpora

is that with their help it is possible to know the

languages of not only a single word or sentence, but

also the entire work. The fact that the information in

the author’s corpora is edited on the basis of scientific

sources guarantees the accuracy and reliability of the

information provided in it and allows for

comprehensive and objective organization of the

entire spectrum of linguistic phenomena.

According to Navoi’s author’s corpus, the

thinker receives quick, clear and complete

information about all the linguistic features of word

units, their changes from the point of view of the

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modernity of the language and the disuse of words in

today’s social life, the cases of activation and

passivation, as well as linguistic phenomena. Enables

automatic processing of texts. The fact that the

information in the author’s corpora is edited on the

basis of scientific sources guarantees the accuracy

and reliability of the information provided in it and

allows for comprehensive and objective organization

of the entire spectrum of linguistic phenomena. From

the corpus containing a large amount of spiritual

treasure, in comparative-historical and cross-

typological studies of linguistics, conducting

lexicographic research, creating 15th-century

frequency dictionaries with the help of Alisher

Navoi’s works, compiling historicism and archaisms,

conducting research on the etymology of words,

words that are difficult for today’s fluent readers to

understand understanding the explanation using the

array of contextual examples provided in the corpus

provides many linguistic possibilities, such as finding

its semantic explanation. Regardless of the audience’s

age, this will serve to increase the number of those

who are interested in our classic literature, who

understand the language of Navoi’s era, and who can

enjoy Navoi’s spiritual treasure by reading his works.

The linguistic basis of the corpus of authorship is to

proceed from the word lexeme to its content. In this

case, the translation is carried out based on the

morphological, syntactic, and semantic analysis of

the language, dictionaries, grammatical rules, corpus

of texts.

Educational Significance of Alisher Navoi

Author’s Corpus

The corpus of the author is considered important in

the educational process of elucidating the

educational, social, historical, linguistic, and didactic

significance of the author’s works, in classifying the

dialectal features of the words used in the author’s

works, and in studying the semantic features of the

National Language. The language style of the 15th

century can be taught to students in comparison with

today’s language. As a result of the statistical analysis

of literary texts, language units (nouns, adjectives,

keywords, verbs, grammatical forms, sentence

structure, in a word, tools that show the writer’s style)

that are frequently used in the text are determined by

means of linguistic statistical analysis. Comparative

analysis of evidence from different texts allows us to

determine the content of the text, the period in which

the text was composed, the argumentative nature of

the evidence, and even the authorship. The

organization of Alisher Navoi’s life and work at all

levels of secondary schools increases the educational

significance of Alisher Navoi with the broad use of

the thinker’s career. This corpus serves as a

convenient source of information for the preparation

of educational material during the educational

process, the teacher will have the opportunity to

prepare quickly fresh, meaningful, reliable

educational material for the educational session.

Social Significance of Alisher Navoi Author's

Corpus

Author's corpora allow students to develop research

capacity and perform small research based on reliable

evidence. It should be noted that the social

significance of the author’s corpora is considered

extensive, it can be used in linguistic, ethno-psycho-

linguistic research, mother tongue, literature, foreign

language teaching, automatic text processing,

translation programs.

Corpus of authorship is also the most convenient

means of monitoring the changes in the vocabulary of

the language (neologism, historicism, archaism

phenomena). In the process of analysing the

possibility of lexical-semantic com-bination of the

words used by the author, the possibility of

comparing the dictionary and grammar of the ancient

and new generations will expand. The rich-ness of the

author’s word by means of the author’s corpus

provides practical help in differentiating the

possibilities of obtaining a child belonging to several

se-mantic categories at once. Through the author’s

corpora, it is possible to learn about the poet’s

linguistic views as well as his attitude to social

spheres and political issues.

As a result of preserving our spiritual heritage,

forming the skills of glorifying the spirit of ancestors,

increasing the culture of reading, it is possible to

acquire deep thoughts and expand thinking.

Corpus Users

Not only experts and linguists, but also

representatives of all fields, as well as applicants and

researchers, and foreigners interested in the

personality and work of Alisher Navoi will have the

opportunity to use the corpus. A modern author’s

corpus was created and put into practice aimed at

promoting and developing Uzbek computer and

corpus linguistics, improving the educational process

and re-search, meeting the educational needs of

specialists of all ages, increasing vocabulary and

literacy.

Alisher Navoi Author’s Corpus: Relevance, Necessity and Signiﬁcance

603

5 CONCLUSION

This article discusses the features of the author's

corpus that differ from other corpora, the technical

capabilities of Alisher Navoi's author's corpus, the

design with National Colorite in the interface, the

composition of its semantically tagged base, the

importance of the interactive system in the study of

Navoi's works, and examples explain the educational,

historical, linguistic and social significance of Alisher

Navoi's AC. Explanatory dictionaries are not

considered a sufficient source for reading and

understanding 15th-century texts. A modern

interactive technological tool for semantic tagging –

language corpora - is now important for

understanding the interpretation of words, especially

their contextual interpretation.

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