Formation and Development of Computer and Internet Jargons

Nasiba S. Nasrulloeva

, Gulnoza A. Narzieva

, Mokhichekhra R. Akramova

Nargiza R. Akhrorova

, Dilorom M. Yunusova

and Gulrukh N. Yusupova

Tashkent University of Information Technologies, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Computer, Term, Internet, Jargon, Professionalisms, Metaphorization, Development, Characteristic,

Borrowings.

Abstract: The research paper investigates the linguistic particularities of computer and Internet jargon and the

progression of their establishment. Terminology of every language is established by the formation of terms

based on the lexical fund of the chosen language, changes in the lexical denotative meaning of a word,

borrowing of phrases from other languages, formation of combinations on the basis of the rules of the given

language, is formed by borrowing a term available in other languages, which is characteristic of

professionalisms, and, steadily increasing its stylistic rank, becomes first professionalisms and then

‘jargonisms’. In this case, the most appropriate variant of transformation of the term into jargon is chosen.

1 INTRODUCTION

Recently, there has been much research in linguistics

on computer and Internet terminology. The

development of the computer and the Internet system

is related to the assimilation of knowledge based on

obtaining information related to fundamental changes

taking place in society. The expression of any

ongoing process in a community is primarily reflected

in vocabulary or becomes manifest through

transformations of particular expressions.

If any terms are considered from a linguistic point

of view, the existing technical terms of each language

form one of the terminological systems of this

language. In particular, computer and Internet terms

are part of the scientific and technical terminological

system in English and Uzbek languages and are

considered as the newest developing field terms.

Linguists recognize that the development of social

computer and Internet terms is going in two

directions:

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2647-6045

First of all, the emergence of many new concepts for

expressing subjects and events in the computer and

Internet network is causing the creation of a

terminological lexicon used by industry experts.

Second, the number of users of the World Wide

Web is also increasing, creating their language by

using their own lexicon and word-building tools to

communicate on the Internet. Certainly, the sociative

character of digital language varies from the lexical

structure of the Internet and has its own

characteristics.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND

METHODOLOGY

The advancement of computer and Internet

technologies, as in other spheres related to

humankind, affects the emergence of new vocabulary

in the language. The advancement of computer and

Internet technologies, as well as the advancement of

632

Nasrulloeva, N., Narzieva, G., Akramova, M., Akhrorova, N., Yunusova, D. and Yusupova, G.

Formation and Development of Computer and Internet Jargons.

DOI: 10.5220/0012908300003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 632-637

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

other people-related spheres, influences the

occurrence of new lexical items in the language.

According to Bakhtin M.M., "... people's activities in

all fields are related to the use of language", the

computer and Internet fields are no exception to this,

of course.

D. Saidkadirova: "The world computer network

collects unlimited information and data. The Internet

is a repository of diverse information. To use this

information, it is enough to have access to the

repository. It is this opportunity that attracts Internet

users," he believes. In fact, in terms of its importance

and influence on the development of world

civilization and scientific and technical progress, our

Internet age has become a symbol of the information

society.

This article reflects the experience of a

comprehensive systematic and phenomenological

study of computer and Internet jargon, which is now

widely recognized as an important tool and subject.

One of the distinctive features of computer and

Internet terminology is the emergence of computer

jargon specific to their users. After all, special

vocabulary is used only in the speech of

representatives of the field and is understandable to

them. The terminological lexicon is related to the

general literary language, which gives it the means to

name new concepts and defines the means of making

practical terms. Professional slang, like general

literary language, in turn, is enriched by using the

terminological lexicon for non-specific purposes. The

special lexicon has its limits of application to the

professional activities of people, that is, to a certain

field, and the special lexicon includes all lexical tools.

It is necessary to mention that professional

vocabulary occupies a special place in the language

stratum. On the one hand, it reflects the special

terminology of the corresponding field, and on the

other hand, it is actively used in everyday common

language, because computers and the Internet have

become two integral components of everyday life. It

is known that the appearance of this "special

language", in our opinion, is determined by the

following circumstances:

 "Isolation of professional apparatus" and

specialization.

 Strengthening the role of the subjective

factor.

 The need to transfer new knowledge based on

figurative and expressive phrases

transforming scientific experience into

everyday experience.

From jargons, professional simple language is

distinguished by "less frequent use of units with a

clearly manifested negative connotation".

The following types are distinguished among

professionalisms:

1) Original professionalisms.

2) Communicative professionalisms.

The first category represents special mechanism

of knowledge in the activity of subject-practical

process, the second category is designed as practice

oriented (for instance, to give stylistic colour for the

purpose of speech economy, etc.).

Most idioms are created using metaphorical

or metonymic transference. Therefore, unlike terms,

they are "characterized by ambiguity and semantic

ambiguity". Professionalisms of the first type can

have a normative character and remain part of the

term system.

It is worth noting that there are different

interpretations of the relationship between the term

and professionalism, that is, from analogy to

comparison to contrast. In comparison, limitation in

application and emotional colouring are the main

criteria. Emotional colouring reaches the highest level

in professional jargons. Such units are formed as a

result of the weak connection with the terms and the

re-synthesis of the meanings of the words related to

the common colloquialism.

Professionalisms and professional jargons are

distinguished in modern terminology. In jargons,

unlike professionalisms, the evaluative component

prevails over the informational component. However,

the classification criteria of the mentioned

professional units are still controversial. In this case,

the determination of imageability and evaluation

component is related to the emotions of a concrete

subject.

Barkhudarov notes that determining the

difference between professionalism and jargons is a

complicated matter. "... of course, it is very difficult

to draw a clear line between the content of the

vocabulary, these differences are so insignificant in

some cases that sometimes the difference itself seems

unnecessary. However, the absence of an absolute

criterion for determining whether a word belongs to a

certain group does not mean denying existing

differences".

In our opinion, professional jargon is a lexicon

specific to a profession or an activity, and computer

and Internet jargon has become a person (professional

programmer and some people) who has become a

person (professional programmer and some made up

of the unique vocabulary of users). The core role of

slang is to represent belonging to a fairly independent

Formation and Development of Computer and Internet Jargons

633

social group with the help of specific words, forms as

well as idioms. Sometimes the term "slang" is also

used to refer to garbled, misspoken speech. It is a

conventional language, understandable only in a

certain environment, it contains many artificial and

sometimes conventional words and expressions.

"JARGON is the speech of a social group rich in

words and phrases unique to this group and

incomprehensible to other people (for example,

actors' speech, sea speech)".

Jargon is generally accessible in interpersonal or

occupational group communication, distinguishing it

from literary language because of the generation of

words and sentences. M. Mirtojiev states the

following in this regard: "Jargon is the term used for

one's class and the opposite class according to the

stratification in the community. For example, terms

such as aslzoda, oqsuyak, yalangoyoq, qoracha,

khoja, janob, hazrat oliy can be shown”; “Argo is a

term used by representatives of a certain field and

kept secret for others. For example, in the argo of

thieves, money is mud, the person who stole his

things is a letter, etc.”.

3 DISCUSSIONS AND RESULTS

D.N. Satimova gives the following opinion about

jargon: "Jargon is a word whose use is limited to a

profession or other narrow social group, has a lexical

meaning from general to special, and refers to the

tastes and requirements of the profession or class

representatives in the speech of the group it serves

only. Words and expressions are characteristic of oral

speech, which means different concepts. G’. H. In

Rahimov's scientific study "Sociolinguistic features

of British and American slang", general slangs is

contrasted with special slangs: "...in both cases,

certain layers of colloquial lexicon and phraseology

are understood".

Jargon is only the language of a social group

with its own artificial and sometimes conditional

words and expressions, and it is a type of social

speech that differs from the national language by its

own lexicon and phraseology. It is known that each

language has its own special lexicon; one of its main

features is the limited range of use. Special

vocabulary is used only in the speech of

representatives of the field and is understandable to

them. For example, concepts related to the Internet

and the computer field: жавон, кўз, сичқонча, қути,

юзер, қароқчи, etc.

First of all, these words serve for the

communication of people of the same profession, that

is, programmers, and computer users for a certain

purpose. In this case, they are used as synonyms of

English occupational terms, differing in their

emotional colouring.

"Computer slang" is the words used by people

who have direct contact with computers, in everyday

life, they replace the lexicon of the profession and

have a colloquial, sometimes formal, rough

colouring.

Secondly, computer slang is distinguished only by

its "relevance" to the realities of the computer world.

The studied slang names are unique to this world and

thus they are distinguished from others.

Thirdly, vulgar words are not lacking in such a

lexicon. When working with PC slang, it should be

remembered that these words are used for

communication between people of the same

profession, i.e., programmers or computer users for

some purposes. In this case, they are used

synonymously with special terminology, according to

emotional colouring. Slang names belong only to this

world, so if they are separated from everything else,

they often become incomprehensible to the

uninitiated. Computer scientists have a feeling of

being part of a limited society because they use such

a special language.

According to Skrebnev, the single distinction

between professionalisms and jargonizes is that

professionalisms are informal phrases in a particular

field while jargonizes are merely developed by and

popular among the individuals who are part of a

specific field, however, their relevance refers to

everyday life, not to the professional sphere. It is

evident from the previous definition that computer

slang also emerges in the language of people who

have no direct relation to the sphere of computer

activity, i.e., it is the language of ordinary computer

and Internet users, which they use because they know

them or as a means of communication. Professionals

in this field - computer specialists, system

administrators, hackers, gamers, etc. create and use

professional jargon that allows them to differentiate

themselves from the surrounding world.

Professional jargon is formed as a result of

grouping people into social groups based on their

professional characteristics. One of the reasons for

the emergence of professional jargon is "the

separation and specialization of the conceptual

professional apparatus, the strengthening of the role

of the subjective factor; the need to create and transfer

new knowledge; transfer of scientific experience to

ordinary household experience".

Internet slang has the following characteristic

sign:

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on the one hand, it has signs of computer jargon.

On the other hand, it has the characteristics of

network slang as a special type of written speech.

"In this, Internet slang can be seen as a specific

sociolect with general slang (inter-slangs) signs,

which can be used not only in Internet

communication, but also in oral speech".

According to a number of scholars, all the

different ways of creating Internet slang serve "to

adapt English slang to its conditions and make it

suitable for constant use". Some of them even believe

that Anglicism plays a major role in the creation of

Internet slang.

The developed content of its jargon

distinguishes the computer lexical system, and its

elements enter into relations of homonymy,

antonymy and polysemy with each other, forming

nests and chains of word formation. English slang has

a complex structure, which is related to the primary

function of slang formation. The development of the

computer lexicon (slang) and its interaction with

other lexical subsystems of the national language

takes place. The formation of computer and Internet

jargon is carried out using various methods. One of

them is phonetic processing (CD-ROM - sidka,

winchester - screw) in order to convert the English

word into a word that is easy to pronounce.

E. Begmatov emphasizes that calking is a

complex process of its own, and notes that three

phenomena are mainly observed in this method:

 Participation in a foreign language.

 Participation of own element.

 Participation of a foreign language

element.

The essence of the first phenomenon is that the

target material is a foreign language phenomenon.

The second phenomenon is sintering based on the

potential of the other material's own layer. The third

phenomenon is the rendering of foreign material with

words of another language (that is, copying a Russian

word with words that are actually Arabic or Persian

in Uzbek). D. Kadirbekova believes: "According to

the opinion that kalka is close to the phenomenon of

word formation, it can be called a word formation

phenomenon due to the formation of a new word

expressing a new meaning in kalkalash.

Uzbek computer jargon is formed in

different ways:

1. Phonetic processing of the English word in

order to spell it and turn the initial word into a word

convenient for pronunciation (CD-Rom - сидюшка, ,

vintchester - винт, adminstrator - aдмин, flash xotira

- флешка, ROM (Random access memory)-Romka,

programma - прога, клавиатура - клава, Demo -

демка, game over - гамовер , bug - баг, hard drive -

хард диск драйв, device - дивайс, noob - нуб) , etc.

2. Search for a word similar to the English and

Russian words in terms of pronunciation in Uzbek

(Emelya in Russian, мыло from the word E-mail,

while in Russian it is used in the form of совун, in

Uzbek it is used in the form of ko’pik). File - филе,

driver - драв, модем - мопед, telegram - телег, Sun

Microsstems Computer Corparation -, etc.

3. Literal translation of the English word (from

mother board), sichqon (from mouse), ko’prik

(bridge), TsPU tosh (from CPU stone), kurt (worm),

megaword – megaso’z, multisystem - multitizim,

macrocommand-makrobuyruq, etc.

4. To come up with a word that represents an

object in the Uzbek language, for example, @ - the

version of this symbol in the Uzbek language has

been preserved in the form of a kuchukcha.

Thus, the following linguistic tools are

distinguished in computer and Internet jargon:

(1) expressive nouns corresponding to the units of

the national language. In the Uzbek language, the

terms denoting the names of software products,

programs, commands and files are expressed by the

following jargons: qurt, qumursqa, qo’ng’iz, hayvon,

- computer virus; glyuk-error, a malfunction in the

program; as'ka - ICQ program (for correspondence in

the global network); дося - DOS disk operating

system; айболит- is an antivirus program.

(2) slangs with a metaphorical meaning. In

English and Uzbek languages, it was observed that

the mobile meaning appears as a result of the

appearance of the main meaning in the form of

another object's quality, feature in computer and

Internet jargon. In an indirect (or instrumental)

nomination:

– names of human body parts: visual: eyeballs -

website user; shoulder surfing - a situation where

users look over their shoulder (behind) to get

important information, etc. Muzzle in English is a

metaphorical slang adopted in the Uzbek language in

the manner of Bashara, which has several meanings:

1) program interface, home page of a website or

portal; 2) the front panel of the computer system unit;

3) a front engine that provides a convenient interface

to the lower-level rear. In English, frowny face slang

is used as a synonym for Bashara slang, and this slang

is also used for smileys. Also, in Uzbek, tumshuqbop

is a protective screen of the monitor; ears -

headphones; gut - modem connection through com-

ports; jargon like green tooth - Bluetooth interface

was found.

Similarities in the process of human activity or

objects:

Formation and Development of Computer and Internet Jargons

635

 visual: dork - a person who thinks that he

knows computers perfectly, but in fact he

has no idea about it;

 web dead - delete personal information from

the Internet;

 internesia - status of users on the Internet;

 digital immigrant - this slang is used to refer

to individuals who need to learn how to use

the Internet;

 firefighter - a member of the network team

who must stop the flame war, bat belt -

adapted to Uzbek as Batman's belt, and this

slang is also used as a hacker's belt, and the

belt includes a mobile phone, a mini-

computer, an organizer, etc. necessary

equipment is worn;

 cyber rhea - comes in the Uzbek language in

the form of cyber tautology, and this slang

refers to unnecessary words and sentences

observed in mail or correspondence. As a

synonym of this jargon, jabber jargon is used

in the Uzbek language in the style of

Vaysaqi. Its second meaning is the

continuous transmission of error

information about the occurrence of an error

in the network.

There are also jargons related to the process of online

games. For example: cybercide slang is used in Uzbek

as murder, killer and means to kill a character in an

online game.

The diversity in the interpretation of common

slang is due to the fact that slangs, slangs and slangs,

when they are used in ordinary folk speech, lose their

vivid social markedness and change their meanings.

In this case, the expressive in inter-slangs are

deprived of "overt direct mockery and hidden

pejorative", and the boundaries between sociolects

remain clear.

In slangs, the phenomenon of

metaphorization gives meaning and the connotation

that is characteristic of the environment of English

speakers is in the main place. Of course, differences

in Uzbek and English language landscape and

mentality are the reason for this. In this way, the

phenomenon of metaphorization in computer and

Internet slang can only apply to one language. For

example, in Uzbek, suitcase is an external storage

device; leaflets - files; snake venom - a computer

virus "poisons" programs in RAM and disk. There is

a collection of types of computer viruses that differ in

their distribution methods, "aggressiveness",

overcoming the protection of anti-virus programs and

their characteristics. Depending on the method of

poisoning, computer viruses can be software or

downloaders.

Metaphorical transfer of meaning passes to them

as the name of computer and internet slang and acts

as a nominative. Analogy, which finds its semantic

expression through a corresponding artificial term

unit, appears as the main operator of semantic term

formation. They are formed as a result of semantic

word formation processes. Since they are secondary

means of expression, they also carry additional

meanings, such as attitude towards the object they

express, evaluation.

Cases related to colour: In computer systems,

cases where colour can be described by several

models, a single combination of the basic "red, green,

blue" colours, called RGB, is used in most computers.

The phenomenon of metaphorization of slang can be

observed in them: "red pants"; "turquoise eye"; blue

sky”; white collection - computers and modems made

in America, Europe and elsewhere; yellow levy -

computers and modems made in China, Singapore

and elsewhere; red collection - computer parts

collected in the CIS countries; blue screen synonym

English Blue screen of death - this metaphorical

jargon means a message about a serious error (usually

an unhandled interruption in the operating system

kernel) that requires a reboot in the Microsoft

Windows system.

The term IBM (International Business Machines)

is expressed in the Uzbek language through the

metaphorical jargon of a blue, blue giant. Also, in the

Uzbek language, black art and black magic slangs are

borrowed from the English language, and black art

means one of the types of programming; black magic

means the operating code of an incomprehensible

device; blue tooth (English Bluetooth) -

communication technology.

4 CONCLUSION

The development of computer and the Internet system

is related to the assimilation of knowledge based on

obtaining information related to fundamental changes

taking place in society. The computer and Internet

lexicon includes a literary lexicon consisting of

terminology and a non-literary lexicon consisting of

computer jargon and jargon, and both types of lexicon

have their own functions and areas of application. As

the internet became more user-friendly and

accessible, new jargon was developed to describe the

various online activities and services available. The

development of computer and internet jargon has

been driven by the need to describe and understand

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the increasingly complex technologies that shape our

modern world.

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