Field Research on Pasture Vegetation in South Uzbekistan (in

Kashkadarya Region Parts)

Uktam Khujanazarov

, Gulrukhsor Ergasheva

and Gulbakhor Akbarova

Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Livestock, Pasture, Dominant, Agrophytocenoses, Phytomeliorants, Weeds, Communities, Shrubs.

Abstract: This paper explores the practical application of pastures in the Kashkadarya region, with a focus on

cartographic data and monitoring fodder yield. Fieldwork conducted in spring throughout the year employs

methodological schemes to ascertain fodder productivity of foothill pastures. This includes creating pasture

cards as standards, detailing average productivity over several years, conducting surface field inspections in

key grazing areas for control purposes, and undertaking annual inspections to monitor pasture use for fodder

and livestock grazing.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the southern reaches of Uzbekistan lies the

Kashkadarya region, framed by the Koratepa,

Zirabulok, and Ziyevuddin mountains to the north

and the Gisar ridge to the east, forming a critical

agricultural hub. Here, the vitality of the region's

animal husbandry hinges on the careful management

of its pasturelands. Recent studies have highlighted

the imperative of understanding the ecological

intricacies and productivity of these pastures,

particularly in light of challenges posed by

meteorological factors (Khuzhanazarov et al, 2012).

Scientific endeavours have been directed towards

enhancing the yield of natural forage grasses and

ensuring the sustainability of pasture ecosystems

(Dias & Barreiros et al., 2018). Yet, the rich flora of

the Kashkadarya basin's foothills, renowned for its

diversity, medicinal properties, and economic

significance, remains a focal point of research interest

(Galnaityte & Krisciukaitiene et. al., 2017). Despite

these efforts, concerns persist regarding the

unchecked expansion of pasture areas, leading to

unplanned grazing and the proliferation of

undesirable weeds. To counteract these trends,

strategies such as controlled grazing and proactive

land management are deemed essential to preserve

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the ecological equilibrium of the region's pastures

(Sukhova et al., 2018).

Recent field research conducted in Chirakchi,

Kitab, and Dehkanabad districts has revealed a

concerning trend: over the past 15 years, pasture areas

have expanded significantly, with cultivated pastures

dominating in Guzor and Dehkanabad districts.

However, this expansion has not been without

consequences, as unplanned grazing has led to the

proliferation of weeds like Acroptilon repens and

Verbascum songoricum (Uktam E. Khujanazarov,

Habibullo Shomuradov and Elena A. Afonina).

Furthermore, the aging of certain plant communities

indicates regressive conditions, suggesting the need

for proactive measures to prevent further degradation

(Khujanazarov U.E et al., 2017).

In conclusion, the sustainable management of

pasturelands in the Kashkadarya basin is essential for

the region's agricultural viability. By employing

scientific research and implementing strategic

interventions, stakeholders can work towards

preserving the ecological integrity and productivity of

these vital landscapes.

Khujanazarov, U., Ergasheva, G. and Akbarova, G.

Field Research on Pasture Vegetation in South Uzbekistan (in Kashkadarya Region Parts).

DOI: 10.5220/0012912800003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 687-690

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

687

2 METHODOLOGY

The focus of this study is the examination of plant

communities, including both floristic and

phytocenotic compositions, across the foothills and

mountains of the Kashkadarya basin. These areas are

classified into four levels of vegetation density: weak

(I), moderate (II), strong (III), and very strong (IV).

The research encompasses fieldwork conducted

between 2012 and 2019, along with data gathered

from expeditions in collaboration with the Institute of

Botany. Geobotanical units, which determine the

content of natural pastures, are identified based on the

classification, structure, composition, and

geobotanical studies of vegetation cover. Pasture

type, determined by the dominant type of vegetation

cover, serves as the primary unit for agricultural

development in animal husbandry. Methodologies

from geobotanical manuals and guidelines are utilised

for various aspects of research, including productivity

assessment and analysis of pasture degradation.

Statistical analysis draws upon resources such as the

"Flora of Uzbekistan" and "The Determinant of Plants

in Central Asia," offering insights into the rich

botanical diversity of the region and changes over

time, including those documented in editions of the

Red Data Book of Uzbekistan.

3 DISCUSSIONS

The mountainous terrain presents a multifaceted

landscape influenced by various factors such as

altitude, slope, geology, erosion rates, soil

composition, humidity, and temperature. These

factors collectively shape the distribution patterns of

shrubs and trees across the region. In the Kashkadarya

basin, tree and shrub communities are prevalent,

forming complex ecosystems. Among the widely

distributed species in the mountain ranges are Acer

pubescens, Amygdalus bucharica, A. spinosissima,

Berberis oblonga, Crataegus pontica, C. turkestanica,

Cerasus erythrocarpa, Ephedra equisetina, and E.

intermedia.

Efforts to preserve mountain pastures are crucial,

necessitating annual assessments to monitor their

condition. Public awareness and ecological education

are vital, especially among communities residing near

mountainous and foothill areas. Protection measures

are imperative for preserving medicinal and endemic

plant species like cadonopsis, zizifora, and ferula,

which contribute significantly to the pharmaceutical

industry.

Floristic studies have identified prominent plant

families in the region, including Asteraceae,

Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae,

Rosaceae, Apiaceae, Liliaceae, and Boraginaceae.

These families not only dominate plant communities

but also serve as fodder reserves, underscoring their

ecological significance.

Research focused on enhancing foothill pastures

has examined various shrubs and semi-shrubs, along

with specific grass species. For instance, Haloxylon

aphyllum, Haloxylon persicum, Salsola richteri, S.

rigida, and A. turanica have been studied for pasture

improvement. Cultivation techniques aim to

accelerate growth, shorten the vegetative period, and

promote early fruiting.

Phytomeliorant planting typically commences in

early spring, with temperature considerations crucial

for successful germination. The rooting depth of

plants varies throughout the growth cycle, with

deepening roots enhancing tolerance to dry and hot

conditions. While underground growth slows in

summer, deep rooting resumes in late summer and

autumn.

Planting procedures involve soil ploughing to a

depth of 18-20 cm, with seeds sown at specific depths

depending on the species. Agrophytocenoses,

cultivated over three years, yield significant fodder

mass, with productivity ranging from 6.4 to 11.7 t/ha

for various species. These cultivated ecosystems

demonstrate higher productivity compared to natural

pastures, a trend expected to further increase in the

future.

In conclusion, sustainable management practices

and scientific interventions are vital for the

preservation and enhancement of mountain pastures

in the Kashkadarya basin. By fostering public

awareness, implementing protection measures, and

employing effective cultivation techniques,

stakeholders can ensure the ecological integrity and

productivity of these valuable landscapes for future

generations.

4 CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, enhancing the legal framework for

forest protection in the mountainous and sub-

mountainous pastures of the Kashkadarya region is

imperative for sustainable resource management.

Moreover, promoting socio-economic forestry

initiatives and increasing private sector involvement

are critical components that demand focused attention

and timely implementation. The formulation of a

PAMIR-2 2023 - The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR

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comprehensive plan of action is essential to address

these pressing concerns effectively.

Furthermore, ecological optimization measures,

including the prevention of mountain forest depletion,

the regulation of livestock grazing practices, and the

management of irrigation and dry farming, are pivotal

for enhancing the efficacy of pasture restoration

efforts. By prioritizing these interventions,

stakeholders can work towards achieving a balance

between ecological preservation and socio-economic

development, thereby safeguarding the

environmental integrity and livelihoods of

communities dependent on these fragile ecosystems.

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