Impact of Maternal Relationships on Adolescent Social Cognitive

Processes

Dilbar Abdullayeva

Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Family, Relationship, Approach, Trait, Mother-Child Relationship, Attachment, Cooperation, Symbiosis,

Authoritarianism, Infantilization, Social Perception, Interpersonal Relationship, Group Perception Types,

Individualistic Type, Collectivistic Type, Pragmatic Type.

Abstract: The relationship between mother and child has been one of the most urgent problems of the development of

human society. Because the life experience, knowledge, skills, and skills gained by mankind are transmitted

from generation to generation through this system of relations - mother and child relations. It is not difficult

to prove the incomparably large role of the mother in the formation of a child as a person by many examples

taken from everyday life, even at the level of details of the fate of individual people. However, determining

the internal mechanisms of the influence of the relationship with the mother on the process of human mental

development requires special psychological research. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the

research conducted on the study of the psychology of mother-child relations, the scientific-methodical aspects

of studying the characteristics of mother-child relations, the influence of relations with the mother on the

processes of adolescent social perception. display features are highlighted, as well as the results of empirical

study of these features. Quantitative indicators obtained from the testers were first analysed by frequency and

then by correlation in the section of separate scales, and the indicators of the results of correlation analysis

were interpreted.

1 INTRODUCTION

At the current stage of human history, how fully and

perfectly the family institution fulfils its tasks is

considered one of the main conditions for the socio-

economic development and security of the state and

society. Due to the deepening of the processes of

global integration and information in the world, the

perception of the family institution is changing in

people's social life. In particular, in the system of

interpersonal relations, which is the socio-

psychological basis of family life, a sharp change in

traditionality, a weakening of psychological balance,

especially in parent-child relations, "alienation

syndrome" is manifested.

Special attention is paid to scientific research on

the socio-psychological foundations of mother-child

relations in world research institutions. In this regard,

the formation of a healthy attitude towards the child

in the family, psychodiagnosis of alienation in parent-

child relations, family violence, pedagogical neglect,

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6200-1411

emotional deprivation and other negative situations;

formation of constructive communication skills by

organizing psychoprophylaxis activities in order to

psychologically stabilize parent-child relations;

attention is being paid to issues aimed at improving

the measures aimed at the appropriate psychological-

educational, consultative activities with parents.

2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Research on the impact of family and family relations

on personality psychology is one of the priority areas,

among which research on mother-child relations

occupies a significant part. As in the initial scientific

research on the psychology of mother-child relations,

so far, the amount of research aimed at revealing the

role of such communication in the child's mental

development is quite large. In research in this

direction, the features of the relationship with the

mother have been deeply studied in terms of their

Abdullayeva, D.

Impact of Maternal Relationships on Adolescent Social Cognitive Processes.

DOI: 10.5220/0012924200003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 803-808

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

803

impact on the mental development of the child,

especially the aspects related to the personal sphere.

In particular, A.I. Blum, T.D. Vasilenko studied the

role of mother's attitude in the child's self-harm

behaviour. They found that not understanding the

reasons for a child's behaviour, neglecting his needs

can increase neurotic symptoms and lead to self-

harming behaviour. (Blum, A. I., & Vasilenko, T. D,

2022).

J.B. Ayusheyeva, M.O. Dorjiyeva's research

confirms that mother's willingness to cooperate and

mother's positive reaction to child's failure influence

the child's self-esteem (Ayusheeva, Z. B., &

Dorzhieva, M. O. ,2021).

I.A. Borisova notes that the children of mothers

who avoid becoming too attached to their children

cannot emotionally join in the game with their peers

and do not openly express their feelings during the

victory (Borisova, I. A., 2007).

In the studies of O.V. Suvorova, adolescents with

a reliable attachment to their mother have a positive

attitude towards themselves, the ability to describe

themselves objectively, while adolescents with an

anxious attachment, on the contrary, aggressiveness

and the development of suspicious qualities has been

proven (Suvorova, O. V., Cheremisova, I. V.,

Mamonova, E. B. ,2016).

According to L.A. Bazaleva, weak levels of

attachment to the child are usually associated with

depressive-anxiety disorders in the mother, on the

contrary, positive changes in the child's development

have a positive relationship with a euphoric mood,

and a negative relationship with anxiety (Bazaleva, L.

A.,2010).

According to the longitudinal studies conducted

by G.D. Walters, the mother's control and the level of

prevention of delinquent (criminal) behaviour in the

child are effective in the case of girls, but such an

effect is not noticeable in the case of boys. Based on

this, the researchers concluded that the mother can

stop the girl child from illegal actions by showing her

personal behaviour as a model, and for boys, other

educational methods should be used in addition to the

personal model (Walters, G. D.,2022).

3 METHODOLOGY

In Uzbekistan, in this direction, V.M.Karimova,

M.S.Salayeva, G.A.Gurbanova, O'.B.Shamsiyev,

D.U.Abdullayeva's scientific research on the impact

of conflicts in marital relations on the mental

development of children, on the relationship between

parents and children in Uzbek families. specific

ethnopsychology features, the issues of forming a

positive attitude in the mother-teenage child

relationship were studied (Abdullayeva, D. U.. et. al.

2022).

It can be seen from the analyses carried out in this

regard that family relations are a necessary condition

for family members to satisfy their respective

material and spiritual needs. It is in the process of

mutual communication that people in the family

understand each other's wishes and expectations and

act accordingly. At the same time, family relations are

embodied as the main factor for the formation of the

most important psychological structures in the human

personality. In particular, the experience of

interpersonal interaction in the family is of decisive

importance in the formation of social behaviour,

understanding and imagination, and practical skills of

communication and relationship with people. After

all, family relationships serve as a unique model and

example for a person from the first days of life.

Before the eyes of the child, the relations between

family members and with his direct participation

appear as a kind of living school of social interaction,

a field of practical experience that presents

demonstrative examples.

Observing the interpersonal relations in the

family, the child faces the larger social world, its

relations, based on this experience, observes the

events and people's behaviour from this prism.

Experts emphasize that in case of conflicts and

disagreements in the relationship with a teenager, it is

the adult who should be the first to take steps towards

reconciliation, so that the child can be shown the right

way to choose in such situations. not for nothing. In

special studies, it has been proven at the level of

empirical analysis that family relationships influence

the child's perception of the environment and people,

their attitude towards him. For example, there are data

confirming that the aggressiveness shown by parents

towards each other causes the child to react

aggressively to other people, to choose strategies to

find solutions through various forms of aggression in

problematic situations that arise with them

(Fomichenko, A. S., 2011). It is noted that girls who

do not feel protection and support in their relationship

with their father are more likely to have low self-

esteem, isolate themselves, and behave contrary to

social norms in communication with others

(Shalamygina, A. M., 2018). Information about the

high level of children's addiction to the Internet in the

situation where the parent shows an overprotective

and authoritarian position towards the child is also

worthy of attention (Nemov, R. S.,1999). It is even

confirmed that the way of life and behaviour of the

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parents in the family is a factor that determines the

child's internal picture of the disease, that is, his

attitude towards his disease, his understanding of it.

(Shishkova, I. M.,2018).

Therefore, the attitude that is established in the

family and is happening before the child's eyes,

including the attitude shown towards him, is a unique

example of his attitude not only to other people, but

also to the environment, health, spending free time. ,

solving problem situations, in general, determines

their views on issues related to all aspects of life.

Therefore, knowing how the relationship with the

mother in the family affects the social perceptive

processes of the child can further enrich the scientific

imagination in this regard and provide valuable

information for practice. In particular, on the one

hand, there is information that excessive anxiety in

the child is more likely to be related to the

characteristics of the relationship with the mother

(Venza, T. V., 2015) and on the other hand, the

general interpretation of a certain social situation

under the influence of anxiety, the feelings

experienced by its participants and the evidence

(Fokina, M. V., 2009) about the identification of

significant differences in the approximate end of

events gives rise to the idea of investigating the

characteristics of the influence of mother-child

relations on the adolescent's social perception.

A critical analysis of such scientific works, briefly

described above, shows that, firstly, most studies

focused on the serious consequences of negative

relations between parents and children on the child's

development, or more specifically, the complications

of this negative relationship. At the same time, the

issue of what caused the relationship itself is

neglected, and secondly, in the studies aimed at

determining the causes of disturbances in the "parent-

child" relationship system, the determining factors

are, first of all, among the characteristics of the parent

and the child. sought, the cognitive domain as a

source of such reasons is out of the focus of

researchers. In addition, in most studies devoted to

the study of the problems of the psychology of

adolescence, not the characteristics of the relationship

of a particular father or mother with a child, but the

relationship of parents in general is made the subject

of research.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

According to the research model developed to

empirically study the features of the relationship with

the mother on the processes of adolescent social

perception, a total of 98 Uzbek mothers have A.Y.

Varga and V.V. Stolin's "Parental Attitude have the

opportunity to express their views on the basis of

questionnaire", a psychological examination was

organized in their teenage children using the

methodology "Study of characteristics of the

perception of class by a teenager" proposed by

Ye.V.Zalyubovskaya.

Before interpreting the results of the research, we

will dwell on the description of the conducted

methods. The "Parental Attitude Questionnaire"

conducted among mothers as part of the research was

developed by A. Y. Varga and V. V. Stolin, and

serves to determine the specific leading approach and

characteristics of the parent's attitude towards the

child. In this case, parental attitude is understood as

the feelings that the parents feel towards the child, the

behavioral stereotypes they show in communication

with the child, the characteristics of perception and

understanding of the child's personality and

behaviour. Based on the results of the investigation

carried out by means of the methodology, it is

possible to draw a conclusion on such factors as

parents' attitude towards their children, such as taking

the child close or denying him, building cooperative

or symbiosis-type relations with him, treating him in

an authoritarian or infantilizing manner (Nemov, R.

S., 1999).

In order to deeply analyze the influence of the

characteristics of the relationship with the mother on

the social perceptive processes in adolescence and the

role of this factor in the child's socialization, the

indicators of group perception were checked by the

test subjects. In order to better understand the

diagnostic potential of the used methodology, the

main directions of examination, the approaches to the

interpretation of the results obtained with the help of

this diagnostic tool, we will quote its scales.

(Zalyubovskaya, E. V.,1984).

Table 1: Individual types of group perception by a teenager

(According to the classification of Ye. V. Zalyubovskaya).

Type of group

erception

Interpretation of group perception type

Individualistic

type

The individual perceives the group as

something that destroys his activity or

has a neutral attitude towards it. The

group is not perceived by the individual

as a whole unit. The individual

withdraws from cooperative activities,

prefers more individual activities, and

has weak relationships with group

members.

Impact of Maternal Relationships on Adolescent Social Cognitive Processes

805

Collectivistic

type

The individual perceives the group as a

whole unit and an independent value.

For him, the problems of the whole

group and group members are in the

first place. Due to this, the individual

considers himself to be interested in the

success of the whole group as well as

individual members. He tries to

contribute to the general activity.

Individuals have a need for teamwor

Pragmatic

type

The individual perceives the group as a

means of achieving one or another

ersonal goals. In this case, the group is

perceived and evaluated depending on

how useful it is for the individual. The

individual prefers representatives of the

group who can provide the necessary

information and help on specific issues.

Quantitative indicators obtained from the two

groups of examinees using these methods were

analysed first by frequency and then by correlation in

the section of separate scales (see Figure 1 and Table

1). Correlation links confirmed the possibility that the

priorities of the mother's attitude towards the child

appear as a factor influencing how the group is

perceived by the adolescent.

The results of the correlation analysis showed that

the child's perception of the group is interrelated with

the mother's priority attitude towards the child. In

particular, the correlation indicators indicate that the

attitude of taking the child relatively close has a

positive relationship with collectivist perception

(r=0.42; p≤0.001) and a negative relationship with

pragmatic perception (r=-0.32; p≤0.01). has the

ability.

In our opinion, the fact that he grows up with a

sincere approach to himself teaches him not to use

others as a tool to achieve his own interests. On the

contrary, there are reasons to assume that a child's

pragmatic perception will develop in an authoritarian

type of relationship.

Table 2: Indicators of the relationship between the priority

approach to the child and the types of perception of the

group by adolescent children (according to the Pearson

correlation coefficient).

Priority

approaches to

the child

Types of group perception

Individualisti

c t

Collectivisti

c t

Pragmati

c t

Get close 0,17 0,42*** -0,32**

Cooperation -0,31** 0,56*** 0,28*

Symbiosis 0,27* -0,22* 0,36**

Authoritarianis

0,45*** 0,14 0,38**

Infantilization 0,33** 0,12 0,24*

Note: * p≤0.05; ** p≤0.01; *** p≤0.001

The cited indicators confirm that in the conditions

of the dominance of authoritarianism and

infantilization in the relationship with the child, the

individualistic perception of the group often prevails

in children. In this type of social perception, the child

perceives the group as something that destroys his

activity or has a neutral attitude towards it. The group

is not perceived by the teenager as a whole unit. He

withdraws from cooperative activities, prefers more

individual activities, and his relationships with group

members are weak.

As a result, the dominance of the mother's

authoritarian and infantilizing attitude blocks the

child's initiative and enthusiasm, which leads to the

perception of the group as an unnecessary and useless

unit, and the lack of understanding of the advantages

of group membership.

Figure 1: According to the type of perception of the group,

the priority types of attitudes of mothers of adolescents

differ ratios.

It was found that the collectivist type of group

perception is statistically significantly related to

cooperation (r=0.56; p≤0.001) and approach (r=0.42;

p≤0.001). Collectivistic perception is more

characteristic of children who enter a cooperative and

close relationship with their mother.

In this case, the child perceives the group as a

whole unit and an independent value, for him, the

problems of the whole group and group members are

in the first place, because of this, he considers himself

interested in the success of the whole group and some

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members. strives to contribute to the activity, in

which there is a relative need for teamwork. The

pragmatic type of group perception is cooperation

(r=0.28; p≤0.05), symbiosis (r=0.36; p≤0.01),

authoritarianism (r=0.38; p≤0.01), was found to be

statistically significantly related to the style of

infantilization (r=0.24; p≤0.05).

Judging from the statistical indicators,

cooperation is combined with authoritarianism, i.e., if

the mother implements cooperation under pressure,

without informing the child of its beneficial aspects,

then it can form a pragmatic view of the group. In this

case, the child perceives the group as a means of

achieving one or another personal goals. The group is

perceived and evaluated depending on how useful it

is for the child. The child likes the person who is the

official of the group, who can provide the necessary

information and help on specific issues. Correlational

links also confirm the possibility that the priorities of

mothers in relation to the child appear as a factor

influencing how the group is perceived by the

adolescent.

The results of the correlational analysis also show

that the type of priority attitude of the mother towards

the child and the indicators of the perception of the

group by the child are interrelated. In particular, the

correlation indicators show that the attitude of taking

the child relatively close has a positive relationship

with collectivist perception and a negative

relationship with pragmatic perception. In our

opinion, the fact that he grows up feeling sincere

closeness and acceptance towards himself teaches

him not to use others as a tool to achieve his own

interests. On the contrary, there are reasons to assume

that a child's pragmatic perception will develop in an

authoritarian type of relationship. Perhaps, in the

example of the mother's authoritarian position,

understanding that it is a norm for one person to lead

over another, to pass his judgment on him, may later

develop such principles and extreme pragmatism in

the child himself.

It is observed that showing an infantilizing

attitude towards a child determines not only that he

does not develop the quality of independence

sufficiently, but also that he tends to withdraw and

isolate himself, considering himself weak, even when

many things can be left to his discretion in the group.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Thus, the results of the empirical study of the

relationship between the characteristics of the group

perception in adolescents and the priority tactics of

the attitude characteristic of their mothers led to the

following conclusions:

1. Negative feelings for the mother-child relationship,

the mother's authoritarian behaviour model or the

child's overprotective position create favourable

conditions for the development of individualistic and

pragmatic types of social perception.

2. The priority of the cooperation style in the mother's

attitude to the child is often compatible with the

predominance of the collectivist type of perception of

the group in the child.

3. In the relationship with the child, the mother's

desire to keep him completely under her protection

and the child's symbiotic dependence on her leads to

a position emphasizing the use of her as a tool in the

views of the group.

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