Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur: Scientist Encyclopedist

Dusanova Tozagul Rasulovna

Navoi Innovations University, Karmana, Navoiy Region, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur, “Boburnoma”, Literary Studies, Linguistics, Plants, Fruits, Animals, Birds.

Abstract: This paper examines the rich tapestry of literature, linguistics, toponymy, biology, and ethnography found

within Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur's seminal work, "Boburnoma." Through meticulous analysis, the study

focuses on the intricate naming and portrayal of trees, plants, fruits, animals, and birds in Bobur's narrative.

Acknowledged as a statesman, poet, prose writer, and scholar, Bobur's contributions span various domains,

shaping cultural and intellectual discourse. His meticulous observations encompass diverse topics, from

agricultural practices to geographical features, societal customs, and linguistic diversity. Bobur's vivid

descriptions offer invaluable insights into the history, geography, biology, and ethnography of Central Asia,

Afghanistan, India, and Iran. From detailed portrayals of animals like the "ro'baye parron" to descriptions of

flora and fauna spanning from Fergana to India, Bobur's work serves as a treasure trove of knowledge.

1 INTRODUCTION

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur is recognized by world

literary critics as a statesman, poet, prose writer,

aruzist, translator, and historiographer. The works of

this person at one time became important in many

areas of society.

“Bobur began to improve the outskirts of the cities of

Agra and Delhi, the construction of palaces, palaces,

baths on the banks of the Jamna River, the creation of

gardens, and abolished stamp duty in the markets,

Guzar, Kabul and Ghazni. Allocates funds for the

restoration of water structures that provide water to

their cities and which were destroyed earlier, builds

caravanserais and works to ensure the safety of the

trade route from Agra to Kabul. He gathered scientists

and poets around him and sponsored their work”.

The poetic collocations of Bobur, the masterpiece

“Boburnoma”, the treatise “Muxtasar” on Aruz, the

poetic treatise “Mubayin” on Law and Muslim ethics,

the treatise with the alphabetical table “Hatti Boburi”

and other works served as an invaluable source for the

development of the Uzbek literary language,

literature and science.

Bobur is a connoisseur of secular and mythological

sciences. He was also aware of literary studies, aruz,

music and military affairs and wrote treatises on these

fields. He considered Khoja Ahrori Vali as a spiritual

feast and poetically translated from Persian a prose

mystical work “Volidia” (“treatise on paternity”).

2 LITERARY REVIEW

In the process of reading the work of “Boburnoma” a

rare sample of world literature, we will see that this

impeccable figure is a Master of Sciences.

Bobur was deeply interested in a wide array of

subjects, encompassing agricultural practices,

farming techniques, weaponry, and geographical

conditions. He delved into the activities of rulers,

scientists, writers, and the populace, as well as

matters such as marriage, aspirations, and the

struggles faced by tribes and the general public. His

curiosity extended to the significance of mountains,

rivers, flora, and fauna, exploring their economic

impact, cultural importance, and their influence on

local laws, customs, and livelihoods. Additionally, he

studied fishing, hunting, and other aspects of daily

life, along with various crafts and their role both as

economic activities and as means of military strategy.

Bobur's fascination with the art of warfare

encapsulated his complex reflections on reality and

life.

The work contains important information on the

history, toponymy, geography, biology and

ethnography of the peoples of Central Asia,

Afghanistan, India and Iran. Whatever city, province

or country Bobur reflects on, he dwells in detail on

the climate, the weather of this place, what diseases

are most common, medicine, the nature of his people,

and lifestyle. Moreover, there was valuable

Rasulovna, D.

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur: Scientist Encyclopedist.

DOI: 10.5220/0012933400003882

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 905-907

ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8

905

information about animals (white deer, wild hare, fox,

monkey, pig, elephant, rhino); birds (pheasant, goose,

chicken, hornet, duck, swallow, black crane, white

crane); fish and fauna.

Bobur tells about “Nizrov” from the districts of

the Kabul region: “In the mountains of Nizrov, there

was a “ro‘bayi parron” . “Ro‘baye Parron” was an

animal, bigger than a cat, between two arms and two

legs there was a wing-like the wings of a chappara

(bat). It is said that flies from tree to tree from low to

high. I didn't see it fly. We put it on a tree. Climbing

to the tree, he spread his wings and descended slowly.

These mountains are also home to a “lucha” bird

called a “buqalamun”, with five or six different

colours from head to tail, its neck like a pigeon, and a

quill-size that looks like an Indian quill. Indian people

consider that when it is winter, these birds leave the

mountain, they cannot fly over the vineyard since the

people catch them. Besides that, there was a mouse,

called the muskin mouse. It smells like perfume.

Instantly, I haven't seen it yet”.

Bobur provides valuable facts about trees growing

in territories from Fergana to India (tobolga, poplar,

elm, Cypress, persimmon, noju-sanavbar, chilguza,

Balut, hanjak, maple, arguvan, garkand); various

plants (rhubarb, cucumber, rice, wheat, sugarcane,

shrub); flowers (tulip, violet).); herbs (bear grass,

ginseng); melon species (“mirtemuri”, “Ismail

sheikhs”); fruits (pomegranate, apple, grapes, pear,

apricot, almonds, plums, amrud, peach, sanjid,

walnut, orange, lemon, pine nut, banana) in

marterpiece of “Boburnoma”.

Describing Osh from his city in the Ferghana

region, he writes: “Andijan Rudy, having passed

through the vicinity of Osh, goes to Andijan. Both

sides of this place are bordered by the beautiful

gardens and the charming violets. A river flows in it,

and spring will be beautiful, and thick tulips and

flowers bloom…”.

After the depiction of Coso, he gives the

following information about flowers: “Some books

say that “yabruhusanam” (mehrigia) is in these

mountains, but during this period he was never heard

of. I heard it's found in the Yettikenta mountains, it's

called “bear grass” it's a kind character, good winner,

it's called with that name.

Bobur's “Boburnoma” also contains important

information about linguistics and literature. In the

process of studying the work, we see that the astute

gaze of the great prose writer closely followed every

piece of information. “Different peoples of Kabul

province perhaps there is. Mountain ranges and tennis

courts - Turks, Amoxes, Saharan Arabs, varieties are

used in cities and some towns they live a little more

Pashayi, Paroji, Tajiks, Barakas and Afghans live

there”.

In the "Boburnoma", there is also information

about phonetics: "According to some accounts, it is

pronounced as 'Mehtar Lomni lamak Lamkon'.

However, sometimes instead of the 'kof' letter, it is

pronounced as 'Gain'. In this regard, the victorious

nation calls this province 'Lamgan'."

The “Boburnom” also provides information

related to the field of etymology of linguistics. In

particular, we observe this in the name of the city of

Karshi, the Khodarvesh desert, the Mukatta mosque,

and the cities of Samarkand and Shahrisabz.

In addition, in the “Boburnoma” there is

information about the Multans who settled in the

villages of various regions of Uzbekistan, especially

the Samarkand region. “The Kabul region is among

the mountains. Ukordin hair cover. In Iraq and

Khorasan, Kabuldin has a tissue that is a hair fibre.

Even more - slaves, let there be two hundred to three

hundred families. One of the descendants of

Temurbek relocated these slaves to Multan Navoi.

Their job is to catch birds. They build lakes, build

thick camels, build nets in the middle of the lake and

catch birds”.

Bobur is considered a literary critic. He cited data

on more than fifty writers in “Boburnoma”. The

theoretical literary scholar gives his objective

assessment of his works and works, paying special

attention to some authors. "Another was Ahmed

Hadjibek. Sultan was the son of Malik Kashgari. The

government of Khiri was transferred to Sultan

Abusaid Mirza Hassan Mahal Moon. After the death

of Obogasi Janibek gave him His Son and sent him to

Samarkand. He was a cool and courageous man,

nicknamed “Vafoiy”. His poems were not bad, this

verse is his:

Mastam, ey muhtasib, im, ro‘z zi man dast bidor,

Ihtisobam bikun on ro‘z ki yobi hushyor.

Speaking of Sultan Mahmud Mirza, Boburr writes

candidly: “He composed the collection of poems.

However, his poems were low and clumsy. It is better

to keep calm instead of reciting his poems”.

“Another person is called “Atullo Mashhadi”. He

was good at Arabics. He composed a Persian treatise

in rhyme, but the fault was that at the end of every

line quoted his name. Furthermore, before every byte

he wrote the phrase “cause, the Bayt of this person”.

He wrote well the treatise that called “Badoyi us-

sanoyi”. However, there are some mistakes in the

sect”.

"Baburnoma" also contains information on the field

of physics and astronomy. In "Boburnoma" the author

defines the units of time with completely unique

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standards, which are impossible to find in any oriental

prose works: "Prayer is between noon and evening

prayer", "between two hours", " until he recites

bismillah twenty-five times" and others. All these

terms and expressions are surprising because of how

accurately Babur studied the fossils of astronomical

time and explained the words and expressions that he

invented and tested with a new method and standard,

not with the existing time units. You are the one who

falls.

3 CONCLUSIONS

In the process of reading the “Boburnoma” this

classic genius is extremely human, embodied in a

forgiving personality. In particular, we see this

through the blessings he gave to his brothers and

sisters. "Kabul olgandin wished Mukim to allow the

sari in Kandahar a few days later because he came

with the covenant and condition that all the Black and

Rakht and Matoyi people were admitted to Salim and

the healthy father of the sari. After the permission of

Mukim, the Kabul region was divided between the

Mirza and Tamam Beks. Jahangir Mirza received

Ghazni and its outskirts. Ningnahar district,

Mandrovir and Darayi Nur and Kunru, Nurgil and

Jigansarai were transferred to Nasser Mirza. Beks and

guys whom I personally knew from Kazakhs, some

were given Kent and Yatul (village). Nobody got the

provinces. Not only that but whenever I got some

wealth, I tried to distribute more of them to beks and

guests than my relatives or the people that are from

Andijan. However, people always gossip as I always

adore my relatives. There is a parable that states:

“That the enemy does not say that he does not dream”,

“It is possible to close the gate of city, but not the

mouth of enemy”. Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur is

one of the great figures of the eastern world. He went

the way of an unusually difficult fate. Yet, as a scholar

with his creative ways, and his theoretical views, he

left a worthy name in history. The work

“Boburnoma” which is considered the pinnacle of

Bobur's work, brought him world fame. The world’s

preeminent scientist is still influenced by this of his

works, creating new research.

REFERENCES

Bobur Z.M. Uzbekistan academic of science. Т. 1960.

www.ziyouz.com library;

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma. T. Ijod-Press.

2020;

Hasanov Saidbek. Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. T.:

“Uzbekistan” – 2011;

Qudratullayev Hasan. The literary-esthetic world of Bobur.

Т.: “Mananiyat” - 2018.

Hasanov Saidbek. Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. T.:

“O‘zbekiston” - 2011. 7-b.

Bobur Z.M. Uzbekistan academic of science. Т. 1960.

www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi. B-43.

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma. T.Ijod-Press.

2020. B-200-202;

Qudratullayev Hasan. The literary-esthetic world of Bobur.

Т.: “Mananiyat” - 2018. 78-b.

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