Friendly and Peaceful Policy of Uzbekistan
Sayfiddin A Juraev
a
Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Keywords: Friendly Foreign Policy, Peaceful Foreign Policy, Russia, China, United States of America, France, Germany.
Abstract: This article examines the bilateral relations of foreign policy of Uzbekistan with Russia, China, the USA,
France, and Germany. The article shows that the relations between the two countries are conducted based on
openness, mutual benefit, and friendly, peaceful principles. It is revealed that mutual relations are based on
the rapidly changing situation in the world and the region, as well as large-scale positive changes within the
country.
1 INTRODUCTION
The research methodology is based on system and
situation analysis methods. The method of analyzing
the situation was used within the framework of the
scientific project "Interdependence of Central and
South Asia" of the Tashkent State University, in
which the importance and factors of the role of
developed countries in the foreign policy of
Uzbekistan were studied. The author also conducted
an expert survey (30 experts) among specialists who
deal with the problems of interdependence in modern
conditions. As materials for research, the author took
from the materials obtained during participation in
international conferences and roundtable discussions
held in Uzbekistan. Also, published scientific
analytical materials were used on Uzbekistan's
relations with developed countries. Official
documents related to diplomatic relations between
Uzbekistan and developed countries in the last 30
years were separately analyzed.
2 RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The relevance of the research is determined by the
following. First, Uzbekistan entered a new stage of its
development. The reforms implemented in our
country are aimed at human dignity on the basis of
social, legal, democratic state and secularism. Of
course, these processes are carried out in harmony
a
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-1722
with foreign policy. In turn, he put on the agenda to
study the practical problems arising in connection
with foreign policy. Secondly, the ongoing reforms
put the identification of new aspects of active foreign
policy on the agenda. Also, directions of the newly
revised constitution of Uzbekistan set requirements
for finding and implementing new methods and
mechanisms for the development of foreign relations.
Third, in the conditions of new transformational
changes in international relations, it became
necessary to study prospective models of protecting
the interests of our country.
3 RESEARCH RESULTS
These principles are aimed at strengthening the
generally recognized principles of foreign policy in
bilateral relations with foreign countries and the
constitutional foundations of bilateral relations. Also,
it is intended to continue and strengthen our foreign
policy course, which has been achieved in foreign
policy. In turn, these constitute the central point of our
country's foreign policy. Uzbekistan is pursuing an
open, mutually beneficial and friendly, peaceful
foreign policy in its bilateral relations with foreign
countries. Bilateral relations are conducted based on
the rapidly changing situation in the world and the
region, as well as large-scale positive changes within
the country.
In today's world, every nation and state achieve its
development and goals through its foreign policy
1392
Juraev, S.
Friendly and Peaceful Policy of Uzbekistan.
DOI: 10.5220/0012967800003882
Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 1392-1396
ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8
Proceedings Copyright © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

based on its national interests. Both history and
current experience show that countries that follow
this path can ensure stability and provide decent
conditions for their people. During the next 30 years,
drastic changes are observed in the world order.
Attempts to revise the existing arrangements are
gaining momentum. We are witnessing an increase in
military-political conflicts and conflicts as a result of
strong developed countries not agreeing on the issue
of global order. In such conditions, Uzbekistan is
conducting a foreign policy without falling under the
influence of any forces in order to maintain stability
and ensure security. It has been actively promoting
the foreign economic interests of our country by
strengthening the independence and sovereignty of
the state, its place and its role in the international
arena in its bilateral relations with foreign countries,
creating an environment of security, stability and
good neighbourliness around it.
Peaceful bilateral relations conducted in
Uzbekistan in recent years have led our country to
have a uniquely positive position in the modern world
community.
Currently, the Republic of Uzbekistan has
established diplomatic relations with 142 countries of
the world. There are 46 foreign embassies, 3
consulate generals, 13 honorary consuls, 24
representative offices of international organizations,
26 representative offices of foreign international
intergovernmental and government organizations,
and 1 trade representative office operating in
Tashkent. There are 59 diplomatic missions of the
Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries and
international organizations. and there are consular
offices. Uzbekistan is a member of more than 100
international organizations, and our country develops
mutual partnership relations with various multilateral
cooperation structures. (Bazileva, et al., 2016 -
Mamasoliev, 2024).
Currently, Uzbekistan's bilateral relations with the
USA, Russia, China, USA, France, and Germany are
being improved.
3.1 Uzbekistan - Russia
Firstly, Uzbekistan's strategic partnership and
cooperation with Russia in bilateral relations have
significantly strengthened in recent years. As a result
of joint efforts based on openness and mutual trust, a
significant expansion of the scope of mutual
cooperation in trade-economic, investment, energy,
transport, agro-industry, scientific-technical and
cultural-humanitarian spheres was achieved. Today,
Russia is a strategic partner, close neighbour and ally
of Uzbekistan. Russia is considered one of the main
investors in the economy of Uzbekistan. The Russian
Federation ranks first in the number of foreign
enterprises in our country.
In mutual relations, projects aimed at the
implementation of promising projects in the fields of
education, tourism, information and communication,
housing and communal services are being
implemented. Cooperation in the field of education
and science can be seen as the pace of international
relations has accelerated. The number of students
studying in Russian higher education institutions has
exceeded 40,000. Branches of Russian higher
education institutions are operating in our country.
Among them are the branch of Moscow Dalat
University, the National Technological Research
University (MISiS), the National Nuclear Research
University (MIFI) and the first foreign branch of the
Moscow State Institute of International Relations.
Within the framework of the Uzbekistan-Russia
education forum in 2022, more than 20 universities
conducted cooperation. All this confirms that the
strategic partnership between Uzbekistan and Russia
has a solid foundation and a legal basis. On June 14-
17 of this year, an interstate agreement on the supply
of Russian gas to Uzbekistan was signed within the
framework of the St. Petersburg International
Economic Forum. It envisages that Russia will import
2.8 billion cubic meters of gas to Uzbekistan annually
during 2023-2025. (Bazileva, et al., 2016 -
Mamasoliev, 2024).
3.2 Uzbekistan - China
Secondly, Today, our cooperation with China in the
political, trade-economic, financial, cultural,
agricultural, construction, scientific and educational
spheres is developing rapidly and on a mutually
beneficial basis. The strategic partnership
development program between Uzbekistan and China
for 2023-2027 was adopted. China is an important
trade partner of Uzbekistan. Both countries are very
active in trade and investment. The projects envisage
the construction of railway, energy and other
infrastructure facilities within the framework of "Silk
Road Economic Space", and "One Belt, One Road".
China remains the main trade partner of Uzbekistan -
the amount of mutual trade is equal to 8.3 billion
dollars. (Bazileva, et al., 2016 - Mamasoliev, 2024).
Since 2011, the most favourable state regime has
been established between the two countries in mutual
trade. The absorbed Chinese investment amounted to
10.9 billion dollars in 2017-2022, including 2.2
billion dollars in 2022. Also, 1763 enterprises with
Friendly and Peaceful Policy of Uzbekistan
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Chinese investment are operating in Uzbekistan, of
which 275 were established in 2022. A total of 283
documents were signed between the Republic of
Uzbekistan and China, including 113 interstate and
intergovernmental international agreements, 82
interdepartmental and 88 other types of documents.
(Bazileva, et al., 2016 - Mamasoliev, 2024).
The ways of cooperation formed between our
countries 2000 years ago have been providing an
exchange of goods, culture and knowledge. Recently,
many young Uzbeks have been interested in learning
the Chinese language, and Chinese people are also
learning the Uzbek language. It serves the exchange
of knowledge and cultural communication. For
example, the Confucius Institute established under
the Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies and
the Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
has become a centre of Chinese language and culture.
3.3 Uzbekistan - USA
The United States, which was among the first to
recognize the independence of Uzbekistan, remains
one of the reliable partners in mutual relations.
Bilateral relations are built on a solid foundation and
traditionally have a trusting character. Since the
establishment of diplomatic relations between the two
countries, great efforts have been made to strengthen
mutually beneficial cooperation. In this, the
declaration on the foundations of strategic partnership
and cooperation between Uzbekistan and the USA
signed in 2002, played a decisive role. In May 2018,
the Joint Statement "On the Beginning of a New Era
of Strategic Partnership" was adopted. Cultural and
humanitarian relations are of great importance in
strengthening bilateral relations. Cooperation in this
regard is also the focus of attention of the people of
the two countries. A prestigious "Uzbekistan caucus",
that is, a group of unofficial friends of the republic,
was formed in the US Congress. A branch of Webster
University was opened in Tashkent, which includes a
wide range of academic programs, including
marketing and entrepreneurship, computer science,
media industry, and health management.
Constructive cooperation between Uzbekistan and
the United States is also implemented in a multilateral
format, in particular, within the framework of the UN
and C5+1 on global and regional agenda issues.
On September 15-16 of this year, the President of
Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, and the President of
the United States, Joseph Biden, discussed current
issues of interstate and regional cooperation at a
bilateral meeting in New York. A delegation of
Uzbek business representatives led by Carolyn
Lemm, chairwoman of the Uzbek-American
Chamber of Commerce, and large multinational
companies and corporations - "Air Products",
"Citigroup", "SNH", "Boston Consulting Group",
"GE HealthCare", "Oppenheimer”, He met with the
leaders of "Cerberus" and "Cintana". Also, the first
summit of the leaders of the Central Asian countries
and the United States of America in the "S5+1"
format was held and President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
took part in it.
One of the important areas of cooperation
between the two countries is trade and economic
partnership. The parties are striving to continuously
expand trade and economic relations and are trying to
strengthen economic ties. Mutual trade has been
growing over the past three years. For example, by
the end of 2022, the volume of Uzbekistan's trade
with the United States will be 436.8 million dollars
(export - 68.5 million dollars, import - 368.3 million
dollars), and by 2021 (426.3 million dollars) and 2020
(277 million dollars) shows a relative increase.
(Bazileva, et al., 2016 - Mamasoliev, 2024).
3.4 Uzbekistan - France
Uzbek-French relations are gaining importance in our
foreign policy. In this regard, the official visit of
French President Emmanuel Macron to Uzbekistan
on November 2-3 this year was of historical
importance. Within the framework of the official
visit, the leaders of Uzbekistan and France adopted a
joint statement based on raising bilateral relations to
the level of strategic partnership in the future.
The activities of the Uzbekistan-France
Intergovernmental Commission on Trade-Economic
Cooperation and the French Enterprise Movement
"MEDEF International" were supported in terms of
trade and investment promotion. In the statement, the
portfolio of joint projects implemented in Uzbekistan
by the parties with the French Development Agency
group is 1.3 billion euros. (Suhrob, et al., 2024 –
Rasulov, et al., 2024).
It was noted with satisfaction that the number of
trade and joint ventures has doubled. The portfolio of
current and prospective projects has exceeded 10
billion euros. A 1-billion-euro Strategic Partnership
Program is being implemented with the French
Development Agency. (Suhrob, et al., 2024 –
Rasulov, et al., 2024).
Today in Uzbekistan, many leading French
companies such as "Orano", "EDF", "Total",
"SUEZ", "Eiffage", "Voltalia", "Lactalis", "Veolia"
are involved in energy, mining, water supply,
transport, is implementing large-scale projects in the
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agricultural sector. The number of such companies
has increased 4 times in recent years. 23 out of 47
enterprises in our country operate on the basis of
100% French investment. (Suhrob, et al., 2024 –
Rasulov, et al., 2024).
The economic "Roadmap" for 2020-2030 was
adopted. According to this plan, public-private
partnerships are prioritized for implementation. It is
envisaged to accelerate cooperation in the fields of
energy and electricity distribution, geological
exploration, water resources management, transport,
tourism and mountain facilities, agriculture and food
industry, and innovative technologies.
It was noted with pleasure that the agenda of
cultural and humanitarian cooperation is rich. It was
said that interest in learning the French language is
increasing in Uzbekistan. In this regard, the parties
welcomed the opening of the branch of the French
alliance in Samarkand. In the field of culture and
heritage, taking into account the results of two
exhibitions organized in 2022-2023 at the Louvre
Museum and the Institute of the Arab World in Paris,
the parties decided to further develop communication
in the field of cultural heritage restoration by
establishing cooperation between the Fund for the
Development of Culture and the Arts and the National
Institute of Cultural Heritage.
3.5 Uzbekistan - Germany
Today, Germany is among the five largest trade and
investment partners of Uzbekistan. For the first time
in 30 years, the volume of trade between Uzbekistan
and Germany exceeded one billion dollars. The
presence of German business in Uzbekistan is
growing, correspondingly, the volume of German
investments has doubled from 700 million to 1.5
billion dollars. Among all our partners, Germany is
the largest supplier of modern machines and
equipment necessary for the modernization of
Uzbekistan's economy. In short, all these are
important contributions to the sustainable
development of Uzbekistan and the diversification of
its economy. (Suhrob, et al., 2024 – Rasulov, et al.,
2024).
In 2021 alone, the number of investments from
Germany amounted to 1.1 billion dollars (+37.5 per
cent), and they were directed to the implementation
of projects in the oil and gas and pharmaceutical
industries, as well as the production of construction
materials. By the end of 2022, this figure was 769.1
million dollars.
219 enterprises with German investment are
operating in Uzbekistan, 97 of them are individual
entrepreneurs. Representative offices of 31 German
companies are accredited. About 270,000 students
study the German language in 980 schools in
Uzbekistan, where more than 3,000 teachers teach,
German is taught in 24 schools, 6 of which are studied
in depth. Cooperation with more than 30 German
universities has been established. About 1,000 Uzbek
students, postgraduates and doctoral students study at
various universities and research centres in Germany.
4 CONCLUSIONS
The reforms that will be carried out in Uzbekistan
over the next seven years, the adoption of the new
Constitution of Uzbekistan and the strategy
"Uzbekistan-2030" create political and legal
conditions for the implementation of a friendly and
peaceful foreign policy. This can be seen especially
in relations with the major partners of Uzbekistan,
Russia, China, the USA, France, and Germany. In this
process, the following trends are emerging and
developing. Firstly, the political-diplomatic relations,
built on the basis of trust, openness and pragmatism
in mutual relations, gained strategic importance and
reached a new stage. In multilateral relations, the
basis of national interests prevails and has an
important place in the development of countries.
Secondly, there is an undoubted shared history and
experience in mutual relations, mutual friendly
relations between our peoples, as well as regular
meetings of the heads of state, the desire to continue
the political dialogue between them, to strengthen
cooperation in the field of security, effective fight
against emerging threats and dangers is growing.
Thirdly, strategic partnership dialogue based on the
principle of deep respect was launched in a new
format. Efforts are being made to further strengthen,
deepen and expand the trust-based nature of the
relationship, to bring the strategic format to a new
level in all areas of partnership. Fourthly, the new
positive political environment established in the
region as a result of the constructive and good
neighbourly policy of Uzbekistan with the countries
of Central Asia creates suitable conditions for
achieving the goals of the foreign policy of the partner
countries in the direction of Central Asia. Fifth, in
recent years political-diplomatic, trade-economic and
cultural-educational partnership namely, cultural-
humanitarian and economic diplomacy is rapidly
developing.
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