Qualitative Study Approach of Lexical Problems Encountered in the
Translation of Small Stories
Ilkhom T. Rustamov
1a
, Saodat A. Rahmonova
1b
, Shahnoza S. Shadiyeva
1c
,
Nilufar A. Abdurashidova
1d
and Shokhista S. Akhmedova
2e
1
Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan
Keywords: Translation, Linguistics, Small Passages and Stories, Uzbek, Literature, Hobby.
Abstract: Translating from English into Uzbek, sentences do not overlap, almost always they have different structures:
a different word order, a different sequence of parts of the sentence, and the main, introductory, and
subordinate clauses. The parts of speech that are expressed by the member sentences can be replaced in the
translation of other parts of speech. This explains the widespread use of grammatical transformations in
translation. Once again, it is worth emphasizing that all the listed types of transformations in their pure form
are quite rare, as a rule, they are combined with each other: a permutation is accompanied by a replacement.
Therefore, small stories are always a connection between the contextual meaning and the main subject-logical
meaning, and the translator can easily “bridge” from the meaning given in the dictionary to the emerging
contextual meaning. The main purpose of this paperwork is conceptually analysed different approaches on
translating small stories. The main findings indicate that 23 papers’ own specific translation approach and
methodology classification. In conclusion, we may propose bilingual nations can take advantage of this matter.
1 INTRODUCTION
The theory of translation and the extensive practice of
translation-related views, points of view,
observations, and scientific and critical studies of
various experiences, describe the rules and principles
of translation, limits, and standards of
communication. In this sense, translation theory and
translation science literature theory and literary
studies) are very similar to each other. It is necessary
to keep in mind that translation studies also include
translation criticism, which is if we can say so, the
translator of translation studies and at the same time
its vanguard. Translation criticism is a very good
field.
Translation experiences, quality, quality of
translations, practical importance, impact on the
readership, socio-aesthetic aspects, the
a
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-4052
b
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-5410
c
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7597-2996
d
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-2203
e
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4761-5982
comprehensive impact of the translation language
(enlarging the vocabulary, filling it with new
concepts, terms, terms, increasing the power of
expressive and emotional impact), opening up new
aspects of the ability to think, significantly activating
social and cultural processes serves to speed it up.
The originality and its environment together with the
critical interpretation of the translation also enter. It
conducts research to enrich the theory, increases the
viability and scientific value of translation rules and
principles, strengthens practical practice, and tests
various concepts. It opens the way to theoretical
innovations, it warns against hardening the theory,
turning it into a dogma, and, moreover, over-
complicating the theory, as it happens in Western
translation studies, and in some places, falsely
scientizing it to the extent that it is incomprehensible.
1520
Rustamov, I., Rahmonova, S., Shadiyeva, S., Abdurashidova, N. and Akhmedova, S.
Qualitative Study Approach of Lexical Problems Encountered in the Translation of Small Stories.
DOI: 10.5220/0012977200003882
Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
In Proceedings of the 2nd Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR-2 2023), pages 1520-1531
ISBN: 978-989-758-723-8
Proceedings Copyright © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

Translation and linguistics, history, and
philosophy stood on their feet under the constant
influence of close fans such as psychology and
literary studies. Since the 60s of the XX century, these
"allied" fans have also been attracted to translation
art. Within the framework of translation criticism, a
series of topics such as translation poetics and
aesthetics have also appeared.
The rules, guidelines, norms, methods, and skills
of machine translations that come from practice
began to take shape. This creative-scientific process,
striving for perfection in work, never stops. The
emergence of the theory of translation and the
development of its universal rules are directly related
to the practice of creative translation and had a
positive effect. Compared to the middle of the XX
century.
Also, the quality and quality of the translations
increased significantly. Illiteracy in translation,
translation using sub-line translations, and translation
using medium languages is decreasing. It has been
recognized everywhere that a relatively perfect
knowledge of all aspects and subtleties of the original
and the translated language, how compatible and
compatible they are with each other, and their
conflicting and complex aspects, is one of the most
important conditions for translation nowadays.
Methods and materials
It is almost impossible to perform literary
translation without transformation. Lexical,
grammatical, and stylistic differences between the
source language and the target language force
translators to resort to all sorts of transformations in
order to overcome different levels of difficulties in
achieving an adequate translation of a work into
another language. This article, it has been used
qualitative methods by studying 23 articles around the
world.
Results
The hallmark of fiction is the use by the author of
a literary work of various means of expression to
provide a figurative and emotional impact on the
reader, and in order to preserve it during translation,
the translator will strive to convey the nuances of the
form of the work, including the means artistic
expression. To reproduce the features of content and
form, different techniques are used. Linguistic
concretization implies the replacement of a word with
a broad meaning by a word with a narrower meaning,
which is due to a divergence in the structure of the
two languages: the absence of a word with an equally
broad meaning, a divergence in stylistic
characteristics, or the requirements of the
grammatical structure. The next subspecies of lexical
transformations, the technique of lexical addition, is
due to several reasons. Also, the reason for the
introduction of additional words may be the absence
of the corresponding word or the lexico-semantic
version of this word.
Table 1. Conceptual framework of the study area
Paper title Abstract
summar
y
Authors Journal Detailed abstract
summar
y
Main findings
1 Small stories
as a new
perspective in
narrative and
identity
analysis
M. Bamberg,
A.
Georgakopoul
ou
2008
911 Citations
DOI
In our
analysis of
the story, we
consider not
only the
actual telling
but also the
announcemen
t made by the
teller, their
withdrawal
after telling
the story, and
the
negotiation
that occurs
beforehand
with the
listeners.
These
elements are
all essential
M.
Bamberg,
A.
Georgako
poulou
United
States
This article discusses
small stories as a
perspective for
identity analysis. It
argues that small
stories can be
analyzed using a five-
step operation that is
based on the model
of positioning. The
article then provides
an example of how
this operation can be
used to analyze a
small story event.
Small stories can be used
as a new perspective in
narrative and identity
analysis. • Positioning (as
put forward by Bamberg
1997, and elaborated in
Bamberg 2004a; cf. also
Georgakopoulou 2000) can
be used to navigate
between micro and macro
analysis. • Viewing story
content as a function of
interactional engagement
can provide new insights
into identity constructions
of sameness in the face of
adversative conditions and
constant change.
Qualitative Study Approach of Lexical Problems Encountered in the Translation of Small Stories
1521

components
to understand
the full
context of the
story.
2 Small stories,
interaction,
and identities
A.
Georgakopoul
ou
2007
561 Citations
DOI
The project
of storying
self (and
other) means
in small
stories can be
explored.
A.
Georgako
poulou
Greece This book sets out to
study small stories,
which are stories that
have not made it to
the mainstream of
narrative and identity
analysis. It uses
audio-recorded small
stories of a group of
female adolescents to
provide fresh answers
and perspectives on
some of the perennial
questions of narrative
analysis.
Small stories are distinct
from the traditional
narrative canon, yet they
are crucial sites of
subjectivity in everyday
interactional contexts. • A
language-focused and
practice-based approach is
used to explore the
concepts of tellership,
structure and evaluation in
small stories. • The project
of storying self (and other)
is explored in order to
understand how
participants’ telling
identities to connect with
their larger social identities.
3 A lexical
bottleneck in
shadowing
and
translating of
narratives
J. van
Paridon, A.
Roelofs, A.
Meyer
Language,
Cognition and
Neuroscience
2019
1 Citations
DOIPDF
A lexical
bottleneck
limits the
translation of
narratives at
high speed.
J. van
Paridon,
A.
Roelofs,
A. Meyer
Netherlands This paper examines
the coordination of
speech
comprehension and
production processes
in simultaneous
interpreting. It finds
that increasing
speech rate has a
stronger negative
effect on interpreting
than on shadowing. A
computational model
suggests that this is
due to a lexical
bottleneck that limits
the translation of
narratives at high
speed.
Interpreting yielded more
errors than shadowing at
every speech rate, and
increasing speech rate had
a stronger negative effect
on interpreting than on
shadowing. • A
computational model was
created of sub-lexical and
lexical processes in
comprehension and
production, which revealed
that the empirical findings
could be captured by
assuming a bottleneck
preventing simultaneous
lexical selection in
production and
comprehension. • The
empirical and modeling
results suggest the
existence of a lexical
bottleneck that limits the
translation of narratives at
hi
g
h s
p
eed.
4 Lexical
Phrases and
Language
Teaching
J. R.
Nattinger, J.
DeCarrico
1992
1184
Citations
DOI
Lexical
phrases in
language
description
have
applications
for language
teaching.
J. R.
Nattinger,
J.
DeCarric
o
This paper discusses
lexical phrases in
language description
and their applications
for language
teaching.
Lexical phrases are an
important part of language
description. • Lexical
phrases can be used to
identify and describe
language features. • Lexical
phrases can be used to
teach language in a more
effective way.
PAMIR-2 2023 - The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR
1522

5 Lexical
Meanings and
Mistranslation
: an Analysis
of
English
Translation of
Munshi
Premchand's
Short Stories
Muhammad
Younas,
Beenish
Pervaiz,
Babar Riaz
Global
Language
Review
2022
1 Citations
DOI
Translators,
especially
those whose
own mother
language is
other than the
source
language,
have a hard
time
translating
idiomatic
expressions
and cultural
terms
embedded in
the very
culture of the
source
language.
Muhamm
ad
Younas,
Beenish
Pervaiz,
Babar
Riaz
This qualitative study
looks at the
translation of
idiomatic expressions
and cultural terms in
three short stories by
Munshi Premchand.
It concludes that
translators often have
a hard time
translating these
terms because they
are not fully aware of
the intercultural
subtleties. This
creates
mistranslations and
misleading meanings.
Translators of foreign
languages often have
difficulty translating
idiomatic expressions and
cultural terms due to a lack
of knowledge of
intercultural subtleties. •
This difficulty can lead to
mistranslation and
misleading meanings. •
Qualitative analysis of
three short stories by
Munshi Premchand
translated into English
supports this conclusion.
6 LEXICAL
SEMANTIC
PROBLEMS
IN
TRANSLATI
ON
2021
0 Citations
The primary
and most
pressing
problem in
working with
a foreign text
in this area is
the choice of
a suitable
equivalent to
a newly
emerging
concept.
- This paper discusses
the problems of
translating foreign
texts and vocabulary.
It focuses on the
problem of choosing
a suitable equivalent
for a newly emerging
concept.
The primary and most
pressing problem in
working with a foreign text
is the choice of a suitable
equivalent to a newly
emerging concept. • Terms
are the key and most
informative words that
carry the main semantic
load in the text. • Lexical
semantic problems in
translation can be difficult
to solve due to the lack of
suitable equivalents.
7 A Corpus and
Cloze
Evaluation for
Deeper
Understandin
g of
Commonsens
e Stories
N.
Mostafazadeh
, Nathanael
Chambers,
Xiaodong He,
Devi Parikh,
Dhruv Batra,
Lucy
Vanderwende,
Pushmeet
Kohli, James
F. Allen
North
American
Chapter of the
Association
for
A new
framework
for evaluating
story
understandin
g and script
learning is
the Story
Cloze Test.
N.
Mostafaz
adeh,
Nathanael
Chambers
,
Xiaodong
He, Devi
Parikh,
Dhruv
Batra,
Lucy
Vanderw
ende,
Pushmeet
Kohli,
James F.
Allen
The `Story Cloze
Test' is a fresh
approach to measure
comprehension of
narratives and
acquisition of scripts.
This article presents
this innovative
framework. In
addition, a fresh
collection of 50,000
commonsense stories
consisting of five
sentences called
ROCStories has been
introduced. This
corpus excellently
illustrates multiple
causal and temporal
relationships between
routine occurrences.
Empirical assessment
indicates that
numerous
conventional and
A new evaluation
framework, the Story Cloze
Test, has been proposed to
evaluate story
understanding and script
learning. • A new corpus of
50k five-sentence
commonsense stories,
ROCStories, has been
created to enable this
evaluation. • Baselines and
state-of-the-art models
based on shallow language
understanding struggle to
achieve a high score on the
Story Cloze Test,
indicating the need for
deeper language
understanding.
Qualitative Study Approach of Lexical Problems Encountered in the Translation of Small Stories
1523

Computationa
l Linguistics
2016
462 Citations
DOIPDF
advanced models that
rely on limited
linguistic
comprehension
encounter difficulties
in obtaining a
commendable result
in the Story Cloze
Test.
8 Linguistics
and
Ethnology in
Translation-
Problems
E. Nida
1945
120 Citations
DOIPDF
Lexical
problems in
the
translation of
small stories.
E. Nida This paper discusses
the problems with
translating linguistics
and ethnology.
Translation of linguistic
and ethnological terms is
difficult due to the lack of a
common language between
cultures. • The use of a
common language is
necessary to ensure
accurate translation of
terms. • The use of a
common language can help
to bridge the gap between
cultures and facilitate
understanding.
9 Lexical
Discourse
Analysis in
Translation.
Eissa Al
Khotaba, K.
Tarawneh
2015
10 Citations
Lexical
knowledge
and meaning
insufficiency
have a
significant
effect on
translating
texts from the
source
language
(Arabic) to
the target
language
(English) or
vice versa in
the field of
applied
lin
g
uistics.
Eissa Al
Khotaba,
K.
Tarawneh
Jordan This paper
investigates lexical
discourse analysis in
translation from one
language to another.
It uses a qualitative
study with 15 texts
translated by M.A
students. The
findings of this
research indicates
that lexical
knowledge and
meaning
insufficiency have a
significant effect on
translating texts.
Lexical knowledge and
meaning insufficiency have
a significant effect on
translating texts from the
source language (Arabic) to
the target language
(English) or vice versa in
the field of applied
linguistics. • The researcher
used two research
instruments including
lexical and textual analysis
and semistructured
interview. • The sample of
the study was selected
randomly.
10 Lexical Errors
Found in
Subtitling
Projects of
EFL Learners
of University
of Lancang
Kuning
D. Kasriyati,
S. Rafiah, H.
Herdi, M. F.
Abbas
Lectura :
Jurnal
Pendidikan
2019
2 Citations
DOIPDF
The students
had enough
English
vocabulary
but they do
not know the
usage of
words in
sentences
when
translate it.
D.
Kasriyati,
S. Rafiah,
H. Herdi,
M. F.
Abbas
Indonesia This paper discusses
the lexical errors
made by students in
subtitling projects. It
uses a descriptive
quantitative design
and finds that the
most common lexical
error is semantic
confusion.
The common lexical errors
in subtitling projects of the
eighth semester students of
English Education
Department were semantic
confusion (32.35% and
36.69%). • Students had
enough English vocabulary
but did not know the usage
of words in sentences when
translating. • Students need
more practice in translation
as some errors still occur.
PAMIR-2 2023 - The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR
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11 Towards a
Lexicographic
Approach to
Lexical
Transfer in
Machine
Translation
(Illustrated by
the German–
Russian
Language
Pair)
Igor Mel'cuk,
Leo Wanner
Machine
Translation
2004
33 Citations
DOI
The lexical
transfer
methodology
is proposed to
resolve
mismatches
between
monosemic
lexical items.
Igor
Mel'cuk,
Leo
Wanner
The article examines
a lexicographic
technique for
transferring
vocabulary in
automated language
translation. The
process of utilizing
lexical descriptions
for the purpose of
automated matching
of source and target
lexical items is
explained in the text.
The proposition is
exemplified by three
German and three
Russian nouns that
denote single speech
acts.
One feasible method for
translating expressions
through Machine
Translation is known as
lexical transfer. Smart
Paraphrased: The process
of lexical transfer involves
a detailed analysis of the
meanings, actantial
valency, and collocations
of both the source and
target lexical items. An
algorithmic approach is
suggested for choosing the
most fitting translation
counterpart of a given
source word.
12 Grammatical
Errors in
French
Translation of
the Short
Story Moi et
la Danse de
Semarang
Hayyin
Awwaliyya
Tiyas
Samudra,
Yuliarti
Mutiarsih
Proceedings
of the Fifth
International
Conference
on Language,
Literature,
Culture, and
Education
(ICOLLITE
2021)
2021
0 Citations
DOIPDF
A lack of
mastery in
French
grammar may
lead to some
errors in
translation.
Hayyin
Awwaliy
ya Tiyas
Samudra,
Yuliarti
Mutiarsih
This paper discusses
the grammatical
errors made by
students in translating
a short story from
Indonesian to French.
The most common
type of error is
"misformation" and
the solutions to
reduce these errors
are for students to
have good grammar
skills and practice
writing French.
The study found that the
most common type of
grammatical error made by
students was misformation.
• Students need to have
good grammar skills and
practice a lot to write
French well in order to
reduce translation errors. •
This study can be used as
an evaluation material for
students to find out their
mistakes and reduce other
translation errors.
13 Synonymity
and Lexical
Simplification
in
Translations:
A Corpus-
Based
Approach
Jarmo
Jantunen
Across
Languages
and Cultures
The variety
of lexicon is
not narrower
in translated
texts than in
non-
translated
texts.
Jarmo
Jantunen
Finland This paper
investigates the
hypothesis that the
range of lexicon is
not narrower in
translated texts than
in non-translated
texts. A brief
quantitative analysis
is carried out to
explain this issue.
The results support
the h
yp
othesis of an
Simplification is one of the
hypothesized universals of
translation. • Corpus-based
investigations suggest that
the variety of lexicon is not
narrower in translated texts
than in non-translated texts.
• A quantitative analysis
supports the hypothesis of
an equally wide range of
near-synonyms in both
language variants.
Qualitative Study Approach of Lexical Problems Encountered in the Translation of Small Stories
1525

2001
10 Citations
DOI
equally wide range of
near-synonyms in
both language
variants.
14 Second
Language
Vocabulary
Acquisition:
Pedagogical
implications
of the lexical
approach
Michael
Lewis
1996
114 Citations
DOI
Lexical items
are socially
sanctioned
independent
units.
Michael
Lewis
This paper discusses
the lexical approach
to language teaching.
It argues that
language consists of
four different kinds
of lexical items and
that these items can
be placed on a
generative spectrum.
Language consists of four
different kinds of lexical
items, which can be placed
on a generative spectrum
between poles ranging
from absolutely fixed to
very free. • Lexical items
are socially sanctioned
independent units, which
may be individual words or
full sentences. • Lexical
items are dependent on
agreement within a
p
articular social group.
15 A Corpus and
Evaluation
Framework
for Deeper
Understandin
g of
Commonsens
e Stories
N.
Mostafazadeh
, Nathanael
Chambers,
Xiaodong He,
Devi Parikh,
Dhruv Batra,
Lucy
Vanderwende,
Pushmeet
Kohli, James
F. Allen
ArXiv
2016
151 Citations
A new
framework
for evaluating
story
understandin
g and script
learning is
the Story
Cloze Test.
N.
Mostafaz
adeh,
Nathanael
Chambers
,
Xiaodong
He, Devi
Parikh,
Dhruv
Batra,
Lucy
Vanderw
ende,
Pushmeet
Kohli,
James F.
Allen
This paper introduces
the 'Story Cloze Test',
a new framework for
evaluating story
understanding and
script learning. It also
presents a new corpus
of ~50k five-sentence
commonsense stories,
ROCStories, which
captures a rich set of
causal and temporal
commonsense
relations between
daily events.
We introduce a new
evaluation framework, the
Story Cloze Test, to
evaluate story
understanding and script
learning. • We created a
new corpus of ~50k five-
sentence commonsense
stories, ROCStories, to
enable this evaluation. •
Experimental evaluation
shows that a host of
baselines and state-of-the-
art models based on
shallow language
understanding struggle to
achieve a high score on the
Story Cloze Test.
16 "Think–aloud
protocols – A
useful tool for
investigating
the linguistic
aspect of
translation"
Alexander
Künzli
2009
10 Citations
DOIPDF
Think-aloud
protocols are
a useful tool
for
investigating
the linguistic
aspect of
translation.
Alexande
r Künzli
This paper discusses
think-aloud protocols
as a useful tool for
investigating the
linguistic aspect of
translation.
Think-aloud protocols are a
useful tool for investigating
the linguistic aspects of
translation. • The protocols
can be used to identify and
analyze the strategies used
by translators. • The
protocols can also be used
to identify and analyze the
errors made by translators.
17 Generative
lexicon
principles for
machine
translation: A
case for meta-
A well-
structured
lexicon is
presented as
one step to
the solution
Sabine
Bergler
This paper discusses
two types of
mismatches in the
translation of
reported speech
b
etween German and
There is a mismatch
between the repeated use of
the reported speech
construction in English and
the use of subjunctives in
German used to indicate
PAMIR-2 2023 - The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR
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lexical
structure
Sabine
Bergler
Machine
Translation
2004
7 Citations
DOI
of the
problems
presented.
English. It proposes a
well-structured
lexicon as a solution
to these problems,
which is one key
feature of the
proposed lexicon.
continued attribution. •
There is a difference in the
usage of metonymic
extensions in the subject
position of reported speech.
• A well-structured lexicon
is proposed as one step to
the solution of the
problems presented,
featuring a meta-lexical
organization of basic word
entries.
18 Problems in
Translating
Lexical Items
in Harlow's
Translation of
Ghassan
Kanafani's
Short Stories
Amri, Nehaya
Mohammad
Abduh,
Shakir.,
Abdullah
2009
0 Citations
Lexical
problems in
Harlow's
translation of
Ghassan
Kanafani's
short stories.
Amri,
Nehaya
Mohamm
ad
Abduh,
Shakir.,
Abdullah
Iraq This paper discusses
problems in
translating lexical
items in Harlow's
translation of
Ghassan Kanafani's
short stories.
Harlow's translation of
Ghassan Kanafani's short
stories contains a number
of lexical items that are
difficult to translate
accurately. • The difficulty
in translating these lexical
items is due to the cultural
and linguistic differences
between the source and
target languages. • The
translator must be aware of
these differences in order to
accurately convey the
meaning of the original
text.
19 The
Translation of
Lexical
Collocations
in Literary
Texts
Yusra Al
Sughair
2011
8 Citations
The
translation of
lexical
collocations
in literary
texts was
submitted in
June 2011.
Yusra Al
Sughair
This is a Master of
Arts thesis in
Translation and
Interpreting
(English/Arabic/Engl
ish) by Yusra Al
Sughair entitled,
"The Translation of
Lexical Collocations
in Literary Texts."
Lexical collocations are an
important part of literary
texts and their translation
should be done with care. •
The translator should be
aware of the cultural and
linguistic context of the
source language and target
language when translating
lexical collocations. • The
translator should be aware
of the stylistic and semantic
implications of the lexical
collocations in the source
language and target
language.
20 Strategies of
Reporting
Verbs’
Interpretation
in Modern
Russian
Translations
of Fiction
A. Urzha
Vestnik
Volgogradsko
go
gosudarstvenn
ogo
universiteta.
Substitution
of repeated
reporting
verbs by
emotive ones
helps to avoid
tautology and
monotonousn
ess of the
dialog frame
in Russian
translations
of fiction.
A. Urzha Russia This paper examines
the use of emotional
language as a
substitute for
reporting verbs in
Russian translations
of literary works.
This phenomenon is
analyzed in terms of
its grammatical,
semantic, and
stylistic
characteristics, and
its contextual and
pragmatic impact is
examined from a
Emotive words and
nominations of gestures are
frequently utilized instead
of reporting verbs in
domesticating as well as
foreignizing translations.
The occurrence of this
phenomenon is mainly
linked to the distinct
characteristics of the child
audience being targeted, as
well as the intense
emotional impact of the
reported parts. The findings
of the study provide an
opportunity to refine
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1527

Serija 2.
Jazykoznanije
2018
0 Citations
DOIPDF
functional
perspective.
existing evaluations of the
said phenomenon in
translation assessment,
incorporating a practical
perspective of its
surroundings and
outcomes.
21 Lexical
ambiguity
resolution
Steven L.
Small,
Garrison W.
Cottrell,
Michael K.
Tanenhaus
1987
160 Citations
DOI
Sentences are
usually
ambiguous
when taken
out of
context.
Steven L.
Small,
Garrison
W.
Cottrell,
Michael
K.
Tanenhau
s
This book discusses
different views on the
nature of context and
the mechanisms by
which it directs the
unambiguous
understanding of
words and sentences.
Sentences are often
ambiguous when taken out
of context. • Different
views have emerged on the
nature of context and the
mechanisms by which it
directs the unambiguous
understanding of words and
sentences. • This book
collects much of the best
research currently available
on the problem of lexical
ambiguity resolution in the
processing of human
language.
22 Lexico-
Semantic
Transformatio
ns in
Translation of
Stories by
V.M.
Shukshin into
English
S.
Vekovishchev
a, M. I.
Guseinova, E.
Priorova, E.
Savchenko
2019
0 Citations
DOIPDF
The most
difficult units
for translation
are those
having
specific
meaning due
to cultural
factors.
S.
Vekovish
cheva, M.
I.
Guseinov
a, E.
Priorova,
E.
Savchenk
o
This paper is
dedicated to the
analysis of lexico-
semantic
transformations in the
translation of fiction.
It uses texts by V.M.
The study shows that
the most difficult
units for translation
are those having
specific meanings
due to cultural
factors.
Lexico-semantic
transformations are used to
select the lexical units in
the target language that are
semantically similar to
those used in the source
language. • Cultural
associations in V.M.
Shukshin’s texts are based
on territorial and
ethnographic information
and can be considered as a
marker of the cultural
feature of a text. •
Translators’ functions
include the pragmatic
adaptation of texts and
different comments due to
lack of background
knowledge.
23 Lexical
colloquialism
s as an issue
of literary
translation
N. Zhmayeva,
Olena Blidar
Naukovy
Visnyk of
South
Ukrainian
National
Pedagogical
University
named after
K. D.
Ushynsky:
The degree of
ethical depth
of a
considerable
number of
lexical
corresponden
ces is proved
to be higher
than the one
of the units of
the original
text.
N.
Zhmayev
a, Olena
Blidar
Ukraine This paper discusses
the translation of
English lexical
colloquialisms into
Ukrainian. It
describes the main
techniques of
translating and the
degree of ethical
depth of different
types of
colloquialisms.
Stylistic equivalent,
descriptive translation,
compensation, omission,
cause and effect
substitution, generalization,
antonymic translation, and
addition are the main
techniques for translating
lexical colloquialisms. •
Significant neutralization
of stylistically reduced
words in the Ukrainian
translation is revealed. •
19.5% of the units of the
English lexical
colloquialisms are not
rendered into Ukrainian at
all.
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Linguistic
Sciences
2019
0 Citations
DOIPDF
24 The
transference
of discourse
values in
translation via
lexis: obscene
language as a
case in point
M. Quintero,
Carmen
Toledano
Buendía
2001
4 Citations
DOIPDF
Lexical
choices in the
translation
are
considered
not only as a
means of
rendering a
direct
equivalent in
the target
language but
also as a
means of
manipulation
motivated by
the target
reader's
demands.
M.
Quintero,
Carmen
Toledano
Buendía
Spain This paper discusses
the role of lexical
choices in translation,
focusing on the field
of obscenity. It
argues that these
choices are motivated
by the target reader's
demands.
The Functional-Lexematic
Model provides a new
conception of the lexicon
which is useful for the
study of lexical choices in
translation. • Lexical
choices in translation can
be used to manipulate the
target reader's demands. •
Obscene language is a
particularly interesting case
in point for the study of
lexical choices in
translation.
25 Telling stories
in two
languages:
Narratives of
bilingual
preschool
children with
typical and
impaired
language*
P. Iluz-Cohen,
J. Walters
Bilingualism:
Language and
Cognition
2011
107 Citations
DOI
Both groups
showed
sociolinguisti
c sensitivity
in code-
switching
behavior.
P. Iluz-
Cohen, J.
Walters
- This paper
investigates how
language impairment
(LI) may impinge on
narrative production
in bilingual children.
It uses two studies to
show that while both
groups of children
were able to produce
narratives with
similar story
grammar categories,
there were
differences in the
lexis, morphosyntax
and code-switching
between the two
groups.
Study 1 showed intact
performance for narrative
structure in both groups
and in both languages
despite differences in lexis,
morphosyntax and
bilingualism. • Study 2
showed that both groups
showed sociolinguistic
sensitivity in code-
switching behavior, but
frequency and
directionality of code-
switching revealed group
differences. • The article
argues for the use of a
range of indicators of LI
including those unique to
b
ilingual children.
26 Reappraising
verbal
language in
audiovisual
translation:
From
description to
application
M. Pavesi
Journal of
Audiovisual
Translation
2018
11 Citations
DOIPDF
Translation
for dubbing
can be
applied as a
heuristic
device to
explore the
translation of
casual
conversation.
M. Pavesi Italy This paper discusses
the relevance of an
in-depth analysis of
the linguistic
component of the
multimodal complex.
It argues that
translation for
dubbing can be
applied as a heuristic
device to explore the
translation of casual
conversation.
A model of key dimensions
necessary to account for the
space occupied by the
language of dubbing is
proposed, including
naturalness and register
specificity, target language
orientation and source
language interference, and
routinisation and creativity.
• Translation for dubbing
can be applied as a
heuristic device to explore
the translation of casual
conversation. • Further
sociolinguistic, diachronic
and cross-cultural
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investigations are
suggested as a way to push
research into the language
of dubbing forward.
27 The Use of
Local Short
Story in
English
Language
Learning (A
Literary
Review on the
Use of Local
Sources as an
Alternative
Teaching
Media in
EFL).
Aam
Alamsyah
2016
Review
5 Citations
The use of
local short
stories for
language
learning can
possibly incur
a lot more
motivating
aspects.
Aam
Alamsyah
This paper discusses
the use of local short
stories in English
language learning. It
argues that local
stories can provide
more psychological
advantages than
foreign stories, as
long as the materials
are supported with
good layout,
sufficient vocabulary
and standardized
grammar.
The use of local short
stories in EFL can provide
more psychological
advantages compared to
foreign learning sources. •
The materials should be
supported with good
layout, sufficient
vocabulary and
standardized grammar to
enable learners to learn the
content and moral values. •
Incorporating cultural
aspects of native English
speakers is essential in
acquiring communicative
competence.
28 A critical
review of the
terminology
and
taxonomies
used in the
literature on
lexical errors
M. P. A.
Llach
2005
Review
8 Citations
The focus in
research on
second
language
acquisition
has been on
grammar.
M. P. A.
Llach
This paper reviews
the terminology and
taxonomies used in
the literature on
lexical errors. It
discusses how lexical
development has
been relatively recent
and how vocabulary
is vital in language
acquisition and
communication.
Research on lexical
development has been
scarce in the field of
language acquisition, and
the studies that deal with
lexical matters are
relatively recent. •
Vocabulary is vital in
language acquisition and
communication, yet it has
been largely overlooked in
research on second
language acquisition
(SLA). • Grammatical rules
are abstractions without
communicative value if
they do not relate sounds
and meanin
g
s.
2 DISCUSSION
Compensation in translation implies the replacement
of a non-transferable element of the SS by some other
medium that conveys the same information.
Compensation is used when the transfer needs to
convey interlinguistic meanings that characterize
certain features of the original - dialect, individual
speech features, puns, and so on. Examples of
compensation can be found in our chapter, dedicated
to the Yorkshire dialect in the novel and its
translation. Grammatical transformations of
morphological and syntactic nature in literary
translation can be caused by various lexical and
grammatical reasons due to the fact that language
systems differ from each other not only in vocabulary
but also in grammar. In some cases, the causes that
because transformations are lexicogrammatically in
nature. In the practice of translation, grammatical
transformations are usually combined with lexical
ones, since the grammatical form and syntactic
construction are not considered in the process.
translation as something independent, separate from
their lexical content.
As a rule, permutations are carried out in accordance
with the grammatical rules of the language. In their
PAMIR-2 2023 - The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR
1530

pure form, they are rarely found in translation. The
absence of any construction in the language, the
discrepancy in the use of the corresponding forms and
constructions, and lexical reasons - all make it
necessary to replace parts of speech in translation.
Permutation as a type of grammatical transformation
is very common, but almost always occur in
combination with various kinds of grammatical and
lexical substitutions.
3 CONCLUSION
As far as we are concerned, the discussion was held
on translating short stories into different languages
can be a crucial approach. Finally, for the purpose of
clarification, it may be justified when the translator
wishes to revise or return the spoken word.
Translators often ask, "What language should I write
my notes in?" deb question. It is accepted that while
better to translate works in any language. The
translation can be completed quickly because the
notes are recorded in the main language. Taking notes
in the language being translated is usually very useful
for fluency. We can also personalize the way you
record notes It is important to note. Most translations
are in other languages They record notes using lexical
abbreviations and acronyms, as well as a wide variety
of special designations not available in the language.
What should be emphasized is the analysis of the
speech’s logical connection. The first things to be
emphasized are the main points. The notes used for
the main ideas provide the external form of the speech
and should be kept in mind by the translator should
help. Yes, the translator can find in his notes the
adaptation of the ideas of the speaker, based on the
sentence and the sentence. This should help the
interpreter to quickly move from one idea to another,
to re-present the speech. We emphasized that the
notes reflect the structure of the speech. In
conclusion, for now, it is getting take advantage of
translation with the help of transfer technology, AI,
global cooperation, and integrational grants in
Uzbekistan.
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