Challenges in Metaverse Adoption on People, Process, and

Technology Perspectives: A Review from the Five past Years

Simone C. dos Santos

, Matheus R. B. Nobre

, Sidarta L. L. Varela, Felipe Figueroa and

Dairon E. Martins

Centro de Informática, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

Keywords: Technology Trends, Metaverse, Challenges, Systematic Review.

Abstract: The Metaverse represents a virtual world intrinsically connected to reality. Its essence lies in constructing a

digital space encompassing different media types, merging uniquely with the real world. This environment's

innovation and its potential users' attraction to immersive experiences bring countless opportunities for

individuals and organizations, as highlighted in the Gartner Group Report on the "Top Strategic Technology

Trends for 2023." However, significant opportunities also bring significant challenges. So, in this context,

this paper presents the results of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) study focusing on the challenges of

using the Metaverse from the perspective of people, processes, and technology. Following Kitchenham and

Charters (2007) guidelines, we analysed 55 studies from relevant sources to understand the intricate

interaction between human elements, procedures involved, and technology within the context of the

Metaverse. This review made it possible to present a comprehensive view of the challenges and obstacles in

this field of investigation, offering insights into the quantity and quality of available evidence. The challenges

identified in this study summarize the main academic contributions related to using the Metaverse in the last

five years.

1 INTRODUCTION

This study sought to investigate the “Metaverse”

trend based on understanding the challenges of

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

and the multidisciplinary aspects that technological

innovation can cause in people's lives.

The motivation for the study on Metaverse

originated from the analysis of the report “Top

Strategic Technology Trends for 2023,” published by

the Gartner Group and available at (Gartner, 2023).

This report presents ten trends, nine of which are

grouped into three categories: Optimize (Digital

Immune System, Applied Observability, and AI

Trust, Risk, and Security Management), Scale

(Industry Cloud Platforms, Platform Engineering,

and Wireless-Value Realization), and Pioneer

(Superapps, Adaptive AI, and Metaverse). The tenth

trend refers to sustainable technology, presented as a

transversal trend to the previous nine trends.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-9981

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0471-9280

The systematic study of technological trends is

conducted in a discipline part of the undergraduate

curriculum in Information Systems (IS) at Federal

University of Pernambuco (Brazil), called “IS Trends

and Challenges”. This course aims to discuss and

investigate technological trends and their impacts on

the IS area from people, processes, and technology

perspectives. The choice of the Pioneer category, in

which the Metaverse falls, was based on classroom

debates about the challenges that impede the use of

the Metaverse more broadly by organizations,

combined with the quote from Gartner (2023), which

states: “By 2027, over 40% of large organizations

worldwide will be using a combination of Web3,

spatial computing, and digital twins in metaverse-

based projects aimed at increasing revenue."

The Metaverse represents a virtual world

intrinsically connected to reality. A recent work

investigated the terms linked to the metaverse through

a literature review, obtaining 28 definitions and

descriptions of the metaverse (Ritterbusch and

C. dos Santos, S., Nobre, M., Varela, S., Figueroa, F. and Martins, D.

Challenges in Metaverse Adoption on People, Process, and Technology Perspectives: A Review from the Five past Years.

DOI: 10.5220/0012617800003690

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2024) - Volume 2, pages 485-496

ISBN: 978-989-758-692-7; ISSN: 2184-4992

485

Teichmann, 2023). Using the most common terms,

Ritterbusch and Teichmann (2023) point out:

Metaverse, a crossword of "meta" (meaning

transcendency) and "universe," describes a three-

dimensional online environment in which users

represented by avatars interact with each other in

virtual spaces decoupled from the real physical

world. Its essence lies in constructing a digital space

encompassing different types of media, merging in a

unique way with the real world. Lin et al. (2022)

highlight that this convergence between the real and

virtual worlds implies that virtuality can influence

reality, directly affecting everyday activities and

economic life. In practice, the Metaverse is a digital

creation that transcends the barriers of entertainment

and is tangibly inserted into everyday life,

introducing new paradigms in areas such as

education, work, leisure, and social interactions.

However, this real-world and virtual convergence

also brings complex and multifaceted challenges to

organizations and users. In this context, this article

addresses the challenges of using the Metaverse,

exploring its implications from diverse perspectives,

as pointed out in the following research question: RQ)

What are the challenges of metaverse adoption from

people, processes, and technology perspectives?

To carry out this study, we adopted the Systematic

Literature Review (SLR) method described by

Kitchenham & Charters (2007). From applying this

method in the primary research bases in computing in

the last five years, we examined 55 relevant studies

selected to understand the intricate relationship

between human elements, the processes involved, and

technology within the context of the Metaverse.

Analysis of the studies revealed several significant

challenges associated with using the Metaverse,

providing a comprehensive overview of the topic and

offering insights from the available evidence.

To tell this history, this paper is organized into six

sections. After this brief introduction, Section 2

contextualizes the Metaverse and its influence on

everyday life. Section 3 describes the methodology

applied based on the Systematic Literature Review

method (Kitchenham & Charters, 2007). Section 4

presents the results found, discussed in Section 5.

Finally, Section 6 presents the conclusions of this

study and future work.

2 CONTEXT

In recent years, the business world has undergone

significant transformations driven by technological

advancement and the need to adapt to new realities,

such as the COVID-19 pandemic. As noted by Park

et al. (2023), the pandemic forced companies and

their employees to adopt remote work on an

unprecedented scale. While some organizations have

begun calling employees back to the physical office

as the threat of the pandemic eases, many employees

have been reluctant to return. This scenario has driven

the emergence of a new work paradigm: using the

Metaverse as an alternative workspace that can

complement the limitations of remote work or even

offline work.

On the other hand, Handoko et al. (2023) highlight

that the rise of the Metaverse also brought specific

challenges to corporate accounting and auditing. With

companies acquiring digital assets in the Metaverse,

such as land and virtual properties, and investing in

cryptocurrencies, traditional accounting and auditing

have new territories to explore and regulate. In

parallel, Jansen et al. (2023) highlight the importance

of the consistent performance of metaverse-related

systems, emphasizing the need to understand the

performance characteristics of extended reality (XR)

devices. This is essential to ensure that the user

experience in the Metaverse is satisfactory and

efficient.

As the Metaverse emerges as a field of great

interest and potential, it is crucial to reflect on the

various challenges that arise in its adoption and

implementation. It represents fertile ground for

innovation and an arena where several obstacles must

be overcome. By exploring these challenges from the

perspectives of people, processes, and technology,

this article provides a comprehensive look at the

constantly evolving landscape of the Metaverse.

3 RESEARCH METHOD

This study used the Systematic Literature Review

(SLR) method to investigate the challenges of the

Metaverse. As defined by Kitchenham and Charters

(2007), SLR is a rigorous and structured approach

that allows you to systematically explore, analyse,

and synthesize the evidence available in a given field

of research. It consists of three main stages: 1)

planning the review, identifying the motivation, and

defining the protocol to be followed; 2) conducting

the review, following the defined protocol, extracting,

and synthesizing the data; 3) Reporting analysis and

synthesis, based on the answers found for the research

questions. Fig. 1 illustrates the RSL process by

Kitchenham and Charters (2007).

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Figure 1: RSL process.

3.1 Planning

Research planning involved carefully defining all the

key elements needed to conduct RSL effectively. The

main steps first included formulating the central

research question, representing the study's objective;

investigating the different sectors in which the

Metaverse can be applied, identifying the challenges;

understanding the potentials of the Metaverse, and,

finally, analysing the obstacles related to integrating

the Metaverse with information systems.

In addition to the main question, secondary

questions were defined to deepen the analysis and

address specific aspects related to the topic:

 Q1) What are the main human challenges

faced in adopting the Metaverse?

 Q2) What are the main technological

obstacles?

 Q3) What process challenges arise when using

the Metaverse?

Considering the sustainable technology aspect,

treated as transversal to all trends highlighted by the

Gartner Group's Top 10 Trends report, a fifth question

was formulated on the selected studies:

 Meta Question: Did the studies comment on

any Metaverse challenge related to

sustainability?

Defining the research protocol was crucial to ensure

the consistency and transparency of the study

selection process. Relevant keywords that covered the

main concepts of the study were identified. This

includes terms related to the interest of the study, such

as “Metaverse,” “Practice,” and “Challenge.” The

keywords, synonyms, and search string were defined

to broadly capture studies on the Metaverse and its

challenges, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: The string used in search tools.

Search String

(Metaverse) AND (Challenge OR Barriers OR

Obstacles) AND (Practice OR Experience OR Case)

Additionally, primary research sources such as

ACM DL, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Emerald, and

Science Direct were selected to ensure the quality and

relevance of the data collected. The established

research plan and protocol provide a solid foundation

for conducting a rigorous and comprehensive

systematic literature review.

3.2 Conducting

To ensure the selection of the most relevant and high-

quality articles for our study, inclusion and exclusion

criteria were established according to the RSL

method. For this, the following exclusion criteria

were defined:

 Articles outside the period chosen for research

(2018 to 2023).

 Secondary studies (other RSL or MS).

 Articles unavailable for viewing.

 Articles with less than four pages.

 Duplicate or highly similar articles.

As inclusion criteria, the following were defined:

 Articles related to the topic and research

questions.

 Publications in conference proceedings and

journals.

These criteria were applied in two distinct stages,

first in filter 1, composed of the information

contained in the titles and abstracts of the articles, and

later, in filter 2, in case of doubts regarding the

selection, considering the introductions and

conclusions of the articles for an evaluation more

complete.

The inclusion and exclusion criteria were

rigorously applied to the articles collected from all

selected research sources. This application resulted in

categorizing articles into three groups: approved in

filter 1, approved in filter 2 (when necessary), and

rejected. In addition to the inclusion and exclusion

criteria, the quality of the selected articles was

assessed based on specific criteria:

 Clear context.

 Well-defined methodology.

 Practical application.

 Relevant and consistent discussion.

 Presentation of research limitations and threats.

Challenges in Metaverse Adoption on People, Process, and Technology Perspectives: A Review from the Five past Years

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Each criterion was evaluated concerning each

article, assigning a score of 0 (does not meet), 0.5

(partially meets), and 1 (completely meets) for each

criterion, adding up to a maximum total of 5 points

for the overall quality assessment of each article. To

conduct this research stage, four senior students from

the Information Systems undergraduate course

participated, working in pairs, as well as a professor

with a doctorate in Computer Science.

3.3 Reporting

After completing the analysis stage, in which the

articles were subjected to filters based on strict

inclusion, exclusion, and quality assessment criteria,

we proceeded to select the qualified studies that

would integrate the final list of articles to be

considered for synthesizing responses to the research

questions.

As a cut-off metric for qualifying studies, a

percentage equal to or greater than 50% of the

maximum quality grade awarded was defined

according to the specified criteria (Clear Context,

Well-defined Methodology, Practical Application,

Relevant and consistent discussions, Limitations, and

threats of the commented research), totalizing 5

points. Thus, the classified studies present a

qualification greater than or equal to 2.5 points. This

approach ensured the inclusion of articles

demonstrating a good-quality standard according to

pre-established criteria.

Furthermore, the selected studies were ordered by

year of publication, in ascending order, to provide a

chronological view of the research development

related to the topic of the Metaverse and its

challenges. To further enrich the analysis of the

results, each selected article had its answers to the

research questions recorded according to the evidence

collected in excerpts from the articles themselves,

using electronic spreadsheets shared between the

evaluators. The responses were classified according

to the following value scale:

 1: Answers - When the article provides a

complete answer to the research question,

 0.5: Partially answers - When the article

offered a partial answer to the research

question.

 0: Does not answer - When the article does not

adequately address the research question.

This classification of responses allowed a more

precise and objective analysis of the contributions of

each selected study concerning the research questions

defined in the initial phase of the study.

The detailed analysis and synthesis of the results

will be presented in the discussion section of this

article. From the information collected and the ratings

of the responses, it was possible to have a clear and

in-depth view of the challenges of using the

Metaverse from the perspectives of people, processes,

and technology, providing valuable insights and a

comprehensive view of the current research

landscape on this topic.

4 RESULTS

The selection of articles that underlie the current

study followed the research method described in

Section 3 systematically and rigorously.

Initially, a broad search was carried out across the

selected research sources, resulting in an initial set of

results with the first numbers per research source.

After obtaining the initial results, the next step

ensured that the inclusion and exclusion criteria were

applied in the first filter, which was based on

analysing the titles and abstracts of the articles.

A second filtering, which consists of a more in-

depth analysis of the studies by reading the

introductions and conclusions of the articles, was

applied when it was impossible to decide the validity

of an article based on the first filtering. Finally, the

articles qualified in the previous stages were

subjected to evaluation of the predefined quality

criteria. At the end of this process, 55 articles were

selected. Fig. 2 summarizes the article selection

process according to the PRISMA model.

Figure 2: PRISMA flow chart of section process.

The selected articles came from different research

sources, having more excellent representation in the

IEEE, Scopus, and ACM databases. Only the

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Emerald base was not represented in this result, as

shown in Fig. 3.

Figure 3: Number of studies per research source.

Fig. 4 presents an overview of the number of

articles selected depending on their year of

publication, where it is possible to attest that the

Metaverse is indeed a trend, considering that most

selected articles were published in 2022 and 2023. It

is important to emphasize that a detailed list of studies

is available in Appendix A.

Figure 4: Number of studies in the timeline.

Analysing the first authors of the studies to

identify the countries that are involved with research

in the context of Metaverse, it was possible to identify

a greater predominance in China (27%), the USA

(20%), and India (15%). Fig. 5 shows the list of

countries involved with the respective numbers of

studies.

Regarding the type of study, the results were

balanced, with 57% of studies of the conference

paper/proceedings type and 43% of the

journals/periodicals type, as shown in Fig. 6.

Most studies still achieved a high level of quality,

considering the defined criteria and research

questions, with more than 50% higher than value 4,

as shown in Fig. 7.

Figure 5: Number of studies per origin (first author).

Figure 6: Type of studies.

Figure 7: Number of studies in the timeline.

Finally, regarding the application contexts of the

Metaverse found, the studies were diverse within the

domain of applications for Education (EP10, EP21,

EP22, EP39, EP, 41, EP47), Work Environments

(EP28, EP44, EP48), Health (EP18, EP34),

Commerce (EP15, EP48, EP49), Games/NFT (Non-

Fungible Token) (EP1), Social Media (EP5, EP8),

and other studies focused on the technological aspect

of platforms, considering computer network

resources/assets (EP4, EP52), use of blockchain

(EP28), virtual reality (VR)(EP2), augmented reality

(AR) (EP13), and artificial intelligence (AI) (EP43).

23%

38%

30%

ARTICLES PER RESEARCH SOURCE

ACM Em era ld IEEExplore Science Direct Scopus

C H I NA

S A

N D

I N

N E S

S OU TH K OR

W ED

I T

E D

A L Y

N E W

E A L AN D

S TE R

D A

K I S T

A N

I R E LA

S IN GA P

O R

T H

E R

L AN D S

F R A N

C E

T R A L I

ARTICLE ORIGIN (FIRST AUTHOR)

43%

57%

TYPE OF ARTICLES

Journal Conference/Proceedings

54,543,532,5

NUMBER OF ARTICLES PER QUALICATION VALUE

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Fig. 8 shows the themes related to the context of

studies.

Figure 8: Context of studies.

The results also indicate that most authors focused

their research on specific contexts, with a notable

emphasis on the educational domain, where

Metaverse applications ranged from integration in

virtual classrooms to initiatives aimed at training

employees in organizational environments. The use

of the Metaverse as a pedagogical tool emerged as a

central theme, exploring the potential of the virtual

environment to enrich learning experiences, provide

realistic simulations, and promote collaboration

between students and educators.

In addition to the educational context, research

that explored the Metaverse in the health field also

stood out. Applications have ranged from advanced

medical simulations to innovative virtual reality-

based therapies. The Metaverse has shown promise in

creating immersive medical training environments

and offering innovative therapeutic solutions,

combining education and work environment.

Another aspect to point out is the intersection of

the Metaverse with disruptive technologies, such as

artificial intelligence and blockchain. The integration

of these complementary technologies has been

explored in different contexts, revealing potential

synergies to drive innovation. Artificial intelligence,

for example, has played a crucial role in creating

more intelligent and personalized interactions within

the Metaverse. At the same time, blockchain has been

applied to ensure secure and transparent transactions

in virtual environments.

Furthermore, the combinations between

application domains and the intersection of the

Metaverse with technologies such as artificial

intelligence and blockchain highlight the

interdisciplinary nature of research in the area. The

advancement of these contexts suggests a dynamic

and promising future for the Metaverse, with

significant implications for education, health, and

technological innovation.

5 DISCUSSIONS

In recent years, the business world has undergone

significant transformations driven by technological

advancement and the need to adapt to new realities,

such as the COVID-19 pandemic. As noted by Park

et al. (2023).

Please note that the name of each author must start

with its first name.

5.1 What Are the Main Human

Challenges Faced in Adopting the

Metaverse?

Any technological novelty has as one of its first

challenges and, perhaps the most important, human

adoption. In this question, we study the different

perspectives concerning people's adoption

challenges. Among these challenges, some evidence

was found, such as the need to maintain accessibility

and inclusion of people in this environment, including

older age groups, the dangers associated with

maintaining privacy and preserving ethics among

human relationships in the virtual environment, and

care for the mental health and well-being of those

inserted in this often-addictive environment. Fig. 9

shows the primary found evidence.

Figure 9: Human challenges in Metaverse adoption.

EP22 discusses a Metaverse proposal in the

educational context, highlighting the importance of

encouraging more people to use this environment

through an inclusive virtual environment that

considers as many different participant requirements

as possible. On the other hand, this environment may

19%

14%

13%

12%

11%

10%

Human Challenges

Privacy and ethical

issue s

Accessibility and

Inclusion

Age adoption

Virtual vs real-world

perception

Inequalities of Access

and Opportunity

Mental health and well-

being

Digital compe tence

Social and cultural

acceptance

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not attract all audiences due to its more prominent

characteristics and applications. In EP45, the authors

highlight the risks associated with the prior

perception of users who, for example, may associate

training activities using Metaverse with games and,

therefore, generate prejudices that reduce the

credibility of the training. EP18 also highlights that

using the Metaverse is quite challenging to implement

for older people, who have several limitations in

accessing this information.

EP48 points out the dangers of using the

Metaverse through avatars in an environment where

everything is permitted. When two individuals have a

disagreement that amounts to a violation of law in the

real world, such incidents may constitute a violation

of tort law or criminal law, which goes unpunished in

the virtual environment. As it is an engaging and

stimulating environment for user interactions, EP11

highlights that it is more complex and complicated for

governments to deal with ethical, privacy, and

security issues in the virtual space due to the influence

on people's privacy and business information in the

Metaverse.

Health and relationship challenges are also among

the main Metaverse adoption challenges. EP50

highlights the impact of using Metaverse on its users'

mental health and well-being, underlining that there

is a high cognitive overload and mental fatigue

compared to using other technologies because users

need to simultaneously process their perception of the

physical world and the virtual world. EP7 also

highlights that staying in the Metaverse for a long

time can create some movement imbalance due to

devices mounted on the head and eyes. This study

highlights that users may experience some symptoms

(e.g., cybersickness, blurred vision, or dizziness) or

even fall to the ground after wearing wearable devices

for some time, which may pose a potential risk to

users' physical safety. EP50 also highlights the risks

of Metaverse addiction, "Cyber Addiction," and the

destruction of our sense of humanity. EP10 also

highlights that the higher the quality of immersive

interaction, the easier it will be for users to be

immersed, ultimately leading to physical, social, and

mental disorders that affect human beings due to

excessive interaction with cyberspace.

5.2 What Are the Main Technological

Obstacles?

The main technological challenges indicated in the

studies are shown in Fig. 10.

Figure 10: Technological obstacles in Metaverse adoption.

Analysing the technological tools necessary for

developing this new mode of interaction on the

internet, that is, the Metaverse, these tools exist, but

they need to evolve over a long period. The current

technologies and tools are already used to build the

embryos of what the Metaverse can become.

EP45 comments that the adoption of the

metaverse presents inherent challenges such as the

lack of familiarity that participants may have with its

technologies, especially VR. EP44 also highlights the

difficulty of using high-technology devices (for

example, VR), due to the premature stage of their

commercialization and high investment costs.

When looking at the scalability aspect, we realize

that the current technologies do not support many

users (EP5).

As for connectivity, EP8 highlights that 5G has a

data transfer rate ranging from 10 to 20 Gbps.

However, this transfer rate would not support this

transfer rate for rendering the Metaverse's high-

resolution frames and transferring the metadata

generated by the different sensors.

As EP8 talks about the need to expand data

transfer, EP11 talks about expanding an infrastructure

network such as data centres, computing centres,

communication infrastructure, and energy supply to

scale virtual reality. EP16 and EP8 highlight the need

to expand data transmission. Still, beyond that, they

emphasize that big data storage and more reliable

network infrastructure are crucial for the broad

adoption of the Metaverse.

EP7 highlights the need to generate a good quality

of experience (QoE). The authors emphasize that

high-speed internet and the absence of crashes are

essential to promote continuity and play a

fundamental role in social interaction. EP8 reinforces

this aspect when it states that building a secure,

reliable, and scalable system aligned with QoE is

crucial to the success of the Metaverse.

EP48 highlights the results of interviews with

adopters and non-adopters of the Metaverse,

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Security and privacy technologies

Cost of IT implementation

Inte gratio n with exi sting…

Processing power

Platform Interoperability

Graphics rendering

Network Connectivity

Sensor integration

Data storage

Latency and sync hronization

VR and AR experience

Scalability

Technological Obstacles

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highlighting those interviewees identified

"technology adoption and implementation," "lack of

worker skills," "implementation cost," and "security"

as the main challenges associated with the Metaverse.

5.3 What Process Challenges Arise

when Using the Metaverse?

The systematic analysis of the literature on the

Metaverse revealed a significant consensus among

scholars regarding the main process challenges

associated with its adoption. The results highlight

three critical areas that the authors have consistently

identified as fundamental obstacles to successfully

integrating the Metaverse in diverse contexts.

In Fig. 11, it is possible to observe that the issue

of regulation and ethics in the Metaverse, which has

been widely explored in the literature, is emerging as

one of the main challenges. The complexity inherent

in virtual interactions, the collection of personal data,

and privacy issues stood out as prominent concerns

(EP21, EP22). The lack of clear regulatory

frameworks and uniform ethical approaches to guide

behavior in the Metaverse has been identified as a

substantial barrier (EP48). The authors emphasized

the pressing need to develop specific ethical

guidelines and regulations to ensure responsible and

safe use of the Metaverse (EP50).

Figure 11: Process challenges in Metaverse adoption.

Another significant challenge that the authors

highlighted concerns copyright and the protection of

intellectual property in the virtual environment

(EP16). With the proliferation of digital creations

within the Metaverse, copyright definition and

effective enforcement have become complex issues.

The absence of adequate frameworks to protect and

assign copyright in virtual environments raises

concerns about the unauthorized reproduction and

distribution of digital content. Resolving these issues

has become crucial to encourage creation and

innovation without compromising the rights of

creators (EP50).

Efficient content management in the Metaverse

emerged as a practical challenge ranging from

creating to distributing and archiving digital assets

(EP12). The diversity of content formats (EP13), the

need for adequate curation, and the need to ensure

accessibility and continuous updating were

highlighted as critical areas (EP20). The lack of

uniform standards for organizing and presenting

content in the Metaverse hinders user experience and

effective interactions.

These results provide valuable insights for those

interested in implementing and continuing the

Metaverse development. Mitigating these process

challenges will require multidisciplinary

collaboration between stakeholders, policymakers,

and the technology community. As the Metaverse

evolves, facing these issues becomes imperative to

ensure its ethical, legal, and functional development

in various spheres of society.

5.4 Relevance and Future Works

For several reasons, investigating the metaverse's

challenges from diverse perspectives—human,

process, and technology—is essential for future

practical initiatives.

Firstly, understanding human perspectives helps

address user experience, accessibility, the digital

divide, and ethical considerations. By considering

human factors, developers can create more inclusive,

engaging, and ethically responsible metaverse

environments that cater to a broader range of users.

Secondly, examining process perspectives

favours that metaverse platforms' development,

implementation, and governance are efficient,

scalable, and secure. This includes the integration of

agile methodologies, privacy regulations, and

interoperability standards to facilitate seamless

experiences across different virtual environments.

Lastly, exploring technological challenges is

essential for overcoming limitations related to

hardware, software, and network capabilities. This

involves advancing virtual and augmented reality

technologies, improving data processing and storage

solutions, and enhancing cybersecurity measures to

support the complex demands of the metaverse.

Addressing these challenges collectively from

diverse perspectives is crucial for future metaverse

initiatives. Future works, considering the analysis of

metaverse challenges, might include:

 Developing More Inclusive and Accessible

Metaverse Environments: Research and

0 5 10 15 20 25

Digital identity management

Virtual economy

Training and Education

Co ntent ma nag em ent

Property

Regulation and Ethics

Process Challenges

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development projects aim to create platforms

accessible to users with various abilities,

backgrounds, and technological access levels.

 Enhancing User Experience through Ethical

Design: Initiatives focused on ethical

considerations in the metaverse, ensuring user

privacy and security and fostering a safe,

engaging community.

 Implementing Agile and Scalable Development

Processes: Studies or projects that explore

integrating agile methodologies for the

dynamic development of metaverse platforms,

ensuring they are scalable and can evolve with

user needs.

 Establishing Governance and Regulatory

Frameworks: Develop comprehensive

governance structures and regulatory

frameworks that address privacy, data

protection, and interoperability standards

within the metaverse.

 Advancing Hardware and Software

Technologies: Research into improving virtual

and augmented reality devices, processing

power, and storage solutions to support the

high demands of metaverse environments.

 Enhancing Cybersecurity Measures: Projects

aimed at bolstering the security of metaverse

platforms, protecting users from potential

cyber threats, and ensuring a safe virtual space

for interaction.

 Interoperability and Standards Development:

Efforts to develop and implement standards

that ensure seamless experiences across

different virtual environments, facilitating

interoperability between various metaverse

platforms.

 Addressing the Digital Divide: Initiatives

focused on making the metaverse accessible to

all, bridging the gap between those with ready

access to digital technologies and those

without, ensuring equitable participation.

These future works would address current

limitations and challenges within the metaverse and

lay the groundwork for a more immersive, inclusive,

and sustainable digital future.

6 CONCLUSIONS

From the analysis of 55 studies on the Metaverse, it

was possible to find evidence that we are in the early

stages of understanding and effectively implementing

this revolutionary technology. Most of the studies

examined revealed a notable pattern: controlled

environments simulations, where the potential and

challenges of the Metaverse are explored in carefully

designed scenarios. However, the lack of successful,

long-term implementations of the Metaverse in real-

world environments is a recurring finding. The

current limitations lie in the lack of practical cases

that have developed enough to generate robust

artifacts for analysis. Most investigations are based

on prototypes, experiments, and controlled

environments that offer promising glimpses but do

not fully reflect the dynamic, multifaceted challenges

of a full-scale implementation.

It is imperative to recognize that, at its current

stage, the Metaverse remains a developing area,

dependent on substantial advances in several

dimensions (human, technological, and procedural).

From a technical perspective, it is necessary to

improve the infrastructure to offer more immersive,

accessible, and functional virtual environments. From

a process perspective, regulation, ethics, copyright,

and content management challenges demand

innovative approaches and practical solutions. From

a human perspective, social formation and acceptance

play critical roles, as the interaction and widespread

adoption of the Metaverse require shared

understanding and cultural change. The need for

education and awareness among both users and

developers is a crucial area of attention.

We conclude, therefore, that the path to full use of

the Metaverse is complex and multifaceted. As we

explore its potential, it is vital to recognize the gaps

and challenges presented in this study. Continued

collaboration between researchers, developers,

policymakers, and society is essential to pushing the

Metaverse toward broader and more effective

implementation. This is just the beginning of a

journey that will require continued innovation and a

collective commitment to the ethical and responsible

development of the next frontier of digital experience.

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