VISUAL FACIAL AGEING USING PLS - Visual Ageing of Human Faces in Three Dimensions using Morphable Models and Projection to Latent Structures

David W. Hunter, B. P. Tiddeman

2009

Abstract

We present an approach to synthesising the effects of ageing on human face images using three-dimensional modelling. We extract a set of three-dimensional face models from a set of two-dimensional face images by fitting a Morphable Model. We propose a method to age these face models using Partial Least Squares to extract from the data-set those factors most related to ageing. These ageing related factors are used to train an individually weighted linear model. We show that this is an effective means of producing an aged face image and compare this method to two other linear ageing methods for ageing face models. This is demonstrated both quantitatively and with perceptual evaluation using human raters.

References

  1. Abdi, H. (2007). Partial least square regression (pls regression). In In N.J. Salkind (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics., pages 740-744. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage.
  2. Baker, S. and Matthews, I. (2002). Lucas-kanade 20 years on: A unifying framework: Part 1. Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-02-16, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
  3. Blanz, V. and Vetter, T. (1999). A morphable model for the synthesis of 3d faces. In SIGGRAPH 7899: Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 187-194, New York, NY, USA. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
  4. Gandhi, M. R., Levine, M. D., and G, M. R. N. (2004). A method for automatic synthesis of aged human facial images. Technical report, Masters thesis, McGill University,2004. 1.
  5. Hussein, H. K. (2002). Towards realistic facial modeling and re-rendering of human skin aging animation. In SMI 7802: Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2002 (SMI'02), page 205, Washington, DC, USA. IEEE Computer Society.
  6. Hutton, T. J., Buxton, B. F., Hammond, P., and Potts, H. W. W. (2003). Estimating average growth trajectories in shape-space using kernel smoothing. Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on, 22(6):747-753.
  7. Lanitis, A., Taylor, C. J., and Cootes, T. F. (2002). Toward automatic simulation of aging effects on face images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 24(4):442- 455.
  8. Mark, L. and Todd, J. (1983). The perception of growth in three dimensions. Perception and Psychophysics, 33(2):193-196.
  9. Park, U., Tong, Y., and Jain, A. K. (2008). Face recognition with temporal invariance: A 3d aging model. In FGR06.
  10. Pittenger, J. and Shaw, R. (1975). Aging faces as viscolelastic events: Implications for a theory of nonrigid shape perception. J. Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(4):374-382.
  11. Pittenger, J., Shaw, R., and Mark, L. (1975). Perceptual information for the age level of faces as a higher order invariant of growth. J. Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 5(3):478-493.
  12. Ramanathan, N. and Chellappa, R. (2006). Modeling age progression in young faces. In IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition or CVPR, pages I: 387-394.
  13. Rowland, D. A. and Perrett, D. I. (1995). Manipulating facial appearance through shape and color. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 15(5):70-76.
  14. Scandrett, C. M., Solomon, C. J., and Gibson, S. J. (2006). A person-specific, rigorous aging model of the human face. Pattern Recogn. Lett., 27(15):1776-1787.
  15. Scherbaum, K., Sunkel, M., Seidel, H.-P., and Blanz, V. (2007). Prediction of individual non-linear aging trajectories of faces. In The European Association for Computer Graphics, 28th Annual Conference, EUROGRAPHICS 2007, volume 26 of Computer Graphics Forum, pages 285-294, Prague, Czech Republic. The European Association for Computer Graphics, Blackwell.
  16. Suo, J., Min, F., Zhu, S., Shan, S., and Chen, X. (2007). A multi-resolution dynamic model for face aging simulation. In IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition or CVPR, pages 1-8.
  17. Tiddeman, B., Burt, M., and Perrett, D. I. (2001). Prototyping and transforming facial textures for perception research. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21(5):42-50.
  18. Tiddeman, B., Stirrat, M., and Perrett, D. I. (2005). Towards realism in facial image transformation: Results of a wavelet mrf method. Comput. Graph. Forum, 24(3):449-456.
  19. V. Bruce, M. Burton, T. D. (1989). Further experiment on the perception of growth in three dimensions. Perception and Psychophysics, 46(6):528-536.
  20. Wold, H. (1966). Estimation of principal components and related models by iterative least squares. Multivariate Analysis, pages 391-420.
  21. Xu, Z., Chen, H., and Zhu, S.-C. (2005). A high resolution grammatical model for face representation and sketching. In CVPR 7805: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2, pages 470-477, Washington, DC, USA. IEEE Computer Society.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

W. Hunter D. and P. Tiddeman B. (2009). VISUAL FACIAL AGEING USING PLS - Visual Ageing of Human Faces in Three Dimensions using Morphable Models and Projection to Latent Structures . In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications - Volume 2: VISAPP, (VISIGRAPP 2009) ISBN 978-989-8111-69-2, pages 340-345. DOI: 10.5220/0001793403400345


in Bibtex Style

@conference{visapp09,
author={David W. Hunter and B. P. Tiddeman},
title={VISUAL FACIAL AGEING USING PLS - Visual Ageing of Human Faces in Three Dimensions using Morphable Models and Projection to Latent Structures},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications - Volume 2: VISAPP, (VISIGRAPP 2009)},
year={2009},
pages={340-345},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0001793403400345},
isbn={978-989-8111-69-2},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications - Volume 2: VISAPP, (VISIGRAPP 2009)
TI - VISUAL FACIAL AGEING USING PLS - Visual Ageing of Human Faces in Three Dimensions using Morphable Models and Projection to Latent Structures
SN - 978-989-8111-69-2
AU - W. Hunter D.
AU - P. Tiddeman B.
PY - 2009
SP - 340
EP - 345
DO - 10.5220/0001793403400345