EEG and Eye-Tracking Integration for Ocular Artefact Correction

P. Rente Lourenço, W. W. Abbott, A. A. Faisal

2014

Abstract

Electroencephalograms (EEG) are a widely used brain signal recording technique. The information conveyed in these recordings can be an extremely useful tool in the diagnosis of some diseases and disturbances, as well as in the development of non-invasive Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI). However, the non-invasive electrical recording setup comes with two major downsides, a. poor signal-to-noise ratio and b. the vulnerability to any external and internal noise sources. One of the main sources of artefacts are eye movements due to the electric dipole between the cornea and the retina. We have previously proposed that monitoring eye-movements provide a complementary signal for BMIs. He we propose a novel technique to remove eye-related artefacts from the EEG recordings. We couple Eye Tracking with EEG allowing us to independently measure when ocular artefact events occur and thus clean them up in a targeted manner instead of using a "blind" artefact clean up correction technique. Three standard methods of artefact correction were applied in an event-driven, supervised manner: 1. Independent Components Analysis (ICA), 2. Wiener Filter and 3. Wavelet Decomposition and compared to "blind" unsupervised ICA clean up. These are standard artefact correction approaches implemented in many toolboxes and experimental EEG systems and could easily be applied by their users in an event-driven manner. Already the qualitative inspection of the clean up traces show that the simple targeted artefact event-driven clean up outperforms the traditional “blind” clean up approaches. We conclude that this justifies the small extra effort of performing simultaneous eye tracking with any EEG recording to enable simple, but targeted, automatic artefact removal that preserves more of the original signal.

References

  1. Abbott, W.W. and Faisal, A.A. (2012) Ultra-low-cost 3D gaze estimation: an intuitive high information throughput compliment to direct brain-machine interfaces. Journal of Neural Engineering. 9 (4), 046016.
  2. Abbott, W.W., Zucconi, A. and Faisal, A.A. (2013) Largefield study of ultra low-cost, non-invasive task level BMI, 6th Intl IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER), 2013, 97-100
  3. Bell, A.J. and Sejnowski, T.J. (1995) An InformationMaximization Approach to Blind Separation and Blind Deconvolution. Neural Computation 7 (6), 1129-1159.
  4. Brainard, D.H. (1997) The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision. 10 (4), 433-436.
  5. Caffier, P.P., Erdmann, U. and Ullsperger, P. (2003) Experimental evaluation of eye-blink parameters as a drowsiness measure. Eur. J. App. Physiol. 89 (3), 319- 325.
  6. Daubechies, I. (1990) The wavelet transform, timefrequency localization and signal analysis. IEEE Trans on Information Theory, 36 (5), 961-1005.
  7. Faisal, A. A. (2010). Stochastic simulation of neurons, axons and action potentials. Stochastic Methods in Neuroscience, 297-343.
  8. Faisal, A.A., Selen, L.P.J. and Wolpert, D.M. (2008) Noise in the nervous system, Nature Rev Neurosci., 9 (4),292-303
  9. Faisal, A.A, Fislage, M., Pomplun, M., Rae, R. and Ritter, H. (1998) Observation of human eye movements to simulate visual exploration of complex scenes, SFB Report 360, 1-34
  10. Neishabouri, Ali and Faisal, A.A. (2013) ; Axonal Noise as a Source of Synaptic Variability, PLoS computational biology,10 (5), e1003615,
  11. Giannitrapani, D. and Kayton, L. (1974) Schizophrenia and EEG spectral analysis. Electroencephal and Clin. Neurophysiol. 36377-386.
  12. Harmony, T., Fernández, T., Silva, J., Bosch, J., et al. (1999) Do specific EEG frequencies indicate different processes during mental calculation? Neuroscience letters. 266 (1), 25-28.
  13. Iber, C., Ancoli-Israel, S., Chesson., A.L. and Quan, S.F. (2007) The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. 1st edition. Westchester, Illinois, American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
  14. Iwasaki, M., Kellinghaus, C., Alexopoulos, A.V., Burgess, R.C., et al. (2005) Effects of eyelid closure, blinks, and eye movements on the electroencephalogram. Clinical Neurophysiology. 116 (4), 878-885.
  15. Izzetoglu, M., Devaraj, A., Bunce, S. and Onaral, B. (2005) Motion Artifact Cancellation in NIR Spectroscopy Using Wiener Filtering. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 52 (5), 934- 938.
  16. Jervis, B.W., Coelho, M. and Morgan, G.W. (1989) Effect on EEG responses of removing ocular artifacts by proportional EOG subtraction. Medical and Biol Eng. and Computing. 27 (5), 484-490.
  17. Jingdong Chen, Benesty, J., Yiteng Huang and Doclo, S. (2006) New insights into the noise reduction Wiener filter. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing. 14 (4), 1218 - 1234
  18. Kailath, T., Sayed, A.H. and Hassibi, B. (2000) Linear Estimation. Prentice Hall (Upper Saddle River, NJ)
  19. Krishnaveni, V., Jayaraman, S., Anitha, L. and Ramadoss, K. (2006) Removal of ocular artifacts from EEG using adaptive thresholding of wavelet coefficients. Journal of Neural Engineering. [Online] 3 (4), 338-346.
  20. Kumar, P.S., Arumuganathan, R., Sivakumar, K. and Vimal, C. (2008) Removal of Ocular Artifacts in the EEG through Wavelet Transform without using an EOG Reference Channel. Int. J. Open Problems Compt. Math. 1 (3), 188-200.
  21. Lee, T.-W. (1998) Independent Component Analysis - Theory and Applications. 1st edition. Springer Science+Business Media (Dordrecht)
  22. Lee, T.-W., Girolami, M. and Sejnowski, T.J. (1999) Independent Component Analysis using an Extended Infomax Algorithm for Mixed Sub-Gaussian and Super-Gaussian Sources. Neural Computation. 11 (2): 417-441
  23. Nason, G.P. and Silverman, B.W. (1995) The Stationary Wavelet Transform and some Statistical Applications. Lecture Notes in Statistics. 103281-299.
  24. Papoulis, A. and Pillai, U. (2002) Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes. 4th edition. McGraw-Hill (New York, NY)
  25. Saatchi, M.R., Oke, S., Allen, E.M., Jervis, B.W., et al. (1995) Signal processing of the contingent negative variation in schizophrenia using multilayer perceptrons and predictive statistical diagnosis. IEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology. 142 (4), 269-276.
  26. Schlag, J., Merker, B. and Schlag-Rey, M. (1983) Comparison of EOG and search coil techniques in long-term measurements of eye position in alert monkey and cat. Vision Research. 23 (10), 1025-1030.
  27. Sengupta, B., Faisal, A.A., Laughlin, S.B., Niven, J. E. (2013) The effect of cell size and channel density on neuronal information encoding and energy efficiency, J. of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism,33 (9), 1465-1473
  28. Di Stasi, L.L., McCamy, M.B., Catena, A., Macknik, S.L., et al. (2013) Microsaccade and drift dynamics reflect mental fatigue. Eur. J. Neurosci. 38 (3), 2389-2398.
  29. Stein, C.M. (1981) Estimation of the Mean of a Multivariate Normal Distribution. Annals of Statistics. 9 (6), 1135-1151.
  30. Vigário, R.N. (1997) Extraction of ocular artefacts from EEG using independent component analysis. Electroencephalography and Clin. Neurophysiol. 103 (3), 395-404.
  31. Whitham, E.M., Pope, K.J., Fitzgibbon, S.P., Lewis, T., et al. (2007) Scalp electrical recording during paralysis: Quantitative evidence that EEG frequencies above 20Hz are contaminated by EMG. Clinical Neurophysiology. 18(8), 1877-88.
  32. Yoo, K.-S., Basa, T. and Lee, W.-H. (2007) Removal of Eye Blink Artifacts From EEG Signals Based on Cross-Correlation. Intl. Conf. on Convergence Information Technology. pp. 2005-2014.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Lourenço P., Abbott W. and Faisal A. (2014). EEG and Eye-Tracking Integration for Ocular Artefact Correction . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics - Volume 1: NEUROTECHNIX, ISBN 978-989-758-056-7, pages 79-86. DOI: 10.5220/0005094600790086


in Bibtex Style

@conference{neurotechnix14,
author={P. Rente Lourenço and W. W. Abbott and A. A. Faisal},
title={EEG and Eye-Tracking Integration for Ocular Artefact Correction},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics - Volume 1: NEUROTECHNIX,},
year={2014},
pages={79-86},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0005094600790086},
isbn={978-989-758-056-7},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics - Volume 1: NEUROTECHNIX,
TI - EEG and Eye-Tracking Integration for Ocular Artefact Correction
SN - 978-989-758-056-7
AU - Lourenço P.
AU - Abbott W.
AU - Faisal A.
PY - 2014
SP - 79
EP - 86
DO - 10.5220/0005094600790086