Wave Equation Model of Soft Tissue for a Virtual Reality Laparoscopy Training System - A Validation Study
Sneha Patel, Jackrit Suthakorn
2015
Abstract
Laparoscopic procedures have various benefits for the patients but come with environmental limitations for the surgeons. Therefore to prevent serious complications, surgeons require intensive and repetitive training to acquire essential techniques, skills or tasks. There are various training systems used in surgical programs; a recent technology that shows promise is virtual reality (VR) training. An important aspect of these training systems is the realism of the soft tissue model and the user interface, which allow effective transference of skills from the training system to the operating room. This paper discusses a novel method to model soft tissue in virtual reality training systems and the validation of this model. Wave equation, a mathematical model, is used to model the soft tissue and laparoscopic tools’ interaction. This model is validated using finite element analysis, which is used to compare the mechanical properties of the resulting material and human skin. The model discussed in this paper will be applied to a novel surgical training system, which trains the user in laparoscopic suturing techniques.
References
- Ali, M. R., Mowery, Y., Kaplan, B. & Demaria, E. J. 2002. Training The Novice In Laparoscopy. More Challenge Is Better. Surg Endosc, 16, 1732-6.
- Basdogan, C., De, S., Kim, J., Muniyandi, M., Kim, H. & Srinivasan, M. A. 2004. Haptics In Minimally Invasive Surgical Simulation And Training. Ieee Comput Graph Appl, 24, 56-64.
- Basdogan, C., Ho, C.-H. & Srinivasan, M. A. 2001. Virtual Environments For Medical Training: Graphical And Haptic Simulation Of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration. Mechatronics, Ieee/Asme Transactions On 6, 269-285.
- Bashankaev, B., Baido, S. & Wexner, S. D. 2011. Review Of Available Methods Of Simulation Training To Facilitate Surgical Education. Surg Endosc, 25, 28-35.
- Beards, C. 1996. The Vibration Of Continuous Structures. Structural Vibration: Analysis And Damping. Burlington, Ma: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Bessems, D., Rutten, M. & Van De Vosse, F. 2007. A Wave Propagation Model Of Blood Flow In Large Vessels Using An Approximate Velocity Profile Function. Journal Of Fluid Mechanics, 580, 145-168.
- Brown, J., Sorkin, S., Latombe, J. C., Montgomery, K. & Stephanides, M. 2002. Algorithmic Tools For RealTime Microsurgery Simulation. Med Image Anal, 6, 289-300.
- Derossis, A. M., Fried, G. M., Abrahamowicz, M., Sigman, H. H., Barkun, J. S. & Meakins, J. L. 1998. Development Of A Model For Training And Evaluation Of Laparoscopic Skills. Am J Surg, 175, 482-7.
- Fried, G. M., Feldman, L. S., Vassiliou, M. C., Fraser, S. A., Stanbridge, D., Ghitulescu, G. & Andrew, C. G. 2004. Proving The Value Of Simulation In Laparoscopic Surgery. Ann Surg, 240, 518-25; Discussion 525-8.
- Gavazzi, A., Bahsoun, A. N., Van Haute, W., Ahmed, K., Elhage, O., Jaye, P., Khan, M. S. & Dasgupta, P. 2011. Face, Content And Construct Validity Of A Virtual Reality Simulator For Robotic Surgery (Sep Robot). Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 93, 152-6.
- Geerligs, M., Peters, G. W., Ackermans, P. A., Oomens, C. W. & Baaijens, F. P. 2008. Linear Viscoelastic Behavior Of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. Biorheology, 45, 677-88.
- Geerligs, M., Van Breemen, L., Peters, G., Ackermans, P., Baaijens, F. & Oomens, C. 2011. In Vitro Indentation To Determine The Mechanical Properties Of Epidermis. J Biomech, 44, 1176-81.
- Gibney, M. A., Arce, C. H., Byron, K. J. & Hirsch, L. J. 2010. Skin And Subcutaneous Adipose Layer Thickness In Adults With Diabetes At Sites Used For Insulin Injections: Implications For Needle Length Recommendations. Curr Med Res Opin, 26, 1519-30.
- Hendriks, F. M. 2001. Mechanical Behaviour Of Human Skin In Vivo: A Literature Review. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V., Nat. Lab. Unclassified Report 1-46.
- Itsarachaiyot, Y. 2012. Haptic Interaction Of Laparoscopic Surgery In Virtual Environment. Master Of Engineering, Mahidol University.
- Itsarachaiyot, Y., Pochanakorn, R., Nillahoot, N. & Suthakorn, J. Force Acquisition On Surgical Instruments For Virtual Reality Surgical Training System. 2011 International Conference On Computer Control And Automation (Iccca 2011), May 1-May 3 2011 Jeju Island, South Korea. Ieee, 173-176.
- Kreyszig, E., Kreyszig, H. & Norminton, E. J. 2011. Partial Differential Equations (Pdes). In: Corliss, S. (Ed.) Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 10 Ed. United States Of America: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- Maclaughlin, J. & Holick, M. F. 1985. Aging Decreases The Capacity Of Human Skin To Produce Vitamin D3. J Clin Invest, 76, 1536-8.
- Munz, Y., Kumar, B. D., Moorthy, K., Bann, S. & Darzi, A. 2004. Laparoscopic Virtual Reality And Box Trainers: Is One Superior To The Other? Surg Endosc, 18, 485-94.
- Roberts, K. E., Bell, R. L. & Duffy, A. J. 2006. Evolution Of Surgical Skills Training. World J Gastroenterol, 12, 3219-24.
- Sánchez-Sesma, F. J., Palencia, V. J. & Luzón, F. 2002. Estimation Of Local Site Effects During Earthquakes: An Overview. Iset Journal Of Earthquake Technology, 39, 167-193.
- See, W. A., Cooper, C. S. & Fisher, R. J. 1993. Predictors Of Laparoscopic Complications After Formal Training In Laparoscopic Surgery. Jama, 270, 2689-2692.
- Silver, F. H., Seehra, G. P., Freeman, J. W. & Devore, D. 2002. Viscoelastic Properties Of Young And Old Human Dermis: A Proposed Molecular Mechanism For Elastic Energy Storage In Collagen And Elastin. Journal Of Applied Polymer Science, 86, 1978-1985.
- Sutherland, L. M., Middleton, P. F., Anthony, A., Hamdorf, J., Cregan, P., Scott, D. & Maddern, G. J. 2006. Surgical Simulation: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg, 243, 291-300.
- Weigand, D. A., Haygood, C. & Gaylor, J. R. 1974. Cell Layer And Density Of Negro And Caucasian Stratum Corneum. J Investig Dermatol, 62, 563-568.
- Wherry, D. C., Rob, C. G., Marohn, M. R. & Rich, N. M. 1998. An External Audit Of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Performed In Medical Treatment Facilities Of The Department Of Defense. Ann Surg, 220, 626-634.
- Zahouani, H., Pailler-Mattei, C., Sohm, B., Vargiolu, R., Cenizo, V. & Debret, R. 2009. Characterization Of The Mechanical Properties Of A Dermal Equivalent Compared With Human Skin In Vivo By Indentation And Static Friction Tests. Skin Res Technol, 15, 68-76.
- 2D Wave Equation Solution to Model Other Layers of the Skin
Paper Citation
in Harvard Style
Patel S. and Suthakorn J. (2015). Wave Equation Model of Soft Tissue for a Virtual Reality Laparoscopy Training System - A Validation Study . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms - Volume 1: BIOINFORMATICS, (BIOSTEC 2015) ISBN 978-989-758-070-3, pages 65-74. DOI: 10.5220/0005224800650074
in Bibtex Style
@conference{bioinformatics15,
author={Sneha Patel and Jackrit Suthakorn},
title={Wave Equation Model of Soft Tissue for a Virtual Reality Laparoscopy Training System - A Validation Study},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms - Volume 1: BIOINFORMATICS, (BIOSTEC 2015)},
year={2015},
pages={65-74},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0005224800650074},
isbn={978-989-758-070-3},
}
in EndNote Style
TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms - Volume 1: BIOINFORMATICS, (BIOSTEC 2015)
TI - Wave Equation Model of Soft Tissue for a Virtual Reality Laparoscopy Training System - A Validation Study
SN - 978-989-758-070-3
AU - Patel S.
AU - Suthakorn J.
PY - 2015
SP - 65
EP - 74
DO - 10.5220/0005224800650074