Power Management of Personal Computers based on User Behaviour

Brian Setz, Faris Nizamic, Alexander Lazovik, Marco Aiello

2016

Abstract

It has been shown that up to 64 percent of personal computers in office buildings are left running during after-hours. Enabling power management options such as sleep mode is a straightforward method to reduce the energy consumption of computers. However, choosing the right timeout can be challenging. A sleep timeout which is too low leads to discomfort, whereas a timeout which is too high results in poor energy saving efficiency. Having the users choose their own sleep timeout is not viable as research shows that most users disable the sleep timeout completely, or choose a suboptimal timeout. Unlike existing context based power management systems which use predefined rules, we propose a solution which can determine a personalized sleep timeout for any point in time solely based on the users behaviour. We propose multiple models which have the goal of maximizing the energy savings while minimizing discomfort. The models are tested on the computers of employees of the University of Groningen over several weeks. We analyse the results of the experiments and determine which model performs best. We can potentially save between 4.02 and 17.17 kWh per computer per year, depending on the model that used.

References

  1. Benini, L., Bogliolo, A., Paleologo, G., and Micheli, G. D. (1999). Policy optimization for dynamic power management. 18:813-833.
  2. Bluejay, M. (March 2012). How much electricity do computers use? http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/ computers.html.
  3. Brienza, S., Bindi, F., and Anastasi, G. (2014). E-netmanager: A power management system for networked pcs based on soft sensors. In Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), 2014 International Conference on, pages 104-111. IEEE.
  4. Cheshire, S. (February 2008). Method and apparatus for implementing a sleep proxy for services on a network. United States Patent N. 7,330,986.
  5. Chiaraviglio, L. and Mellia, M. (2010). Polisave: Efficient power management of campus pcs. In Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), 2010 Int. Conference on, pages 82-87.
  6. Christensen, K. J. and Gulledge, F. B. (1998). Enabling power management for network-attached computers. International Journal of Network Management, 8(2):120-130.
  7. Durand, J.-B., Girard, S., Ciriza, V., and Donini, L. (2013a). Optimization of power consumption and device availability based on point process modelling of the request sequence. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), 62(2):151-165.
  8. Durand, J.-B., Girard, S., Ciriza, V., and Donini, L. (2013b). Optimization of power consumption and user impact based on point process modeling of the request sequence. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, 62(2):151-165.
  9. GeSI (2008). Smart2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age. The Climate Group - Global eSustainability Initiative.
  10. Jarus, M. and Oleksiak, A. (2013). Gicomp and greenoffice monitoring and management platforms for it and home appliances. In Pierson, J.-M., Da Costa, G., and Dittmann, L., editors, Energy Efficiency in Large Scale Distributed Systems, volume 8046 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 58-62. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  11. Karayi, S. (2007). Pc energy report 2007. http:// www.1e.com/energycampaign/downloads/1E%20 Energy%20Report%20US.pdf.
  12. Khan, R., Bolla, R., Repetto, M., Bruschi, R., and Giribaldi, M. (2012). Smart proxying for reducing network energy consumption. In Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS), 2012 Int. Symposium on, pages 1-8.
  13. Mileu Centraal (2015b). Gemiddeld energieverbruik. http:// www.milieucentraal.nl/energie-besparen/snel-besparen/ grip-op-je-energierekening/gemiddeld-energieverbruik/.
  14. Mileu Centraal (July 2015a). Energieprijzen. http:// www.milieucentraal.nl/energie-besparen/snel-besparen/ grip-op-je-energierekening/energieprijzen/.
  15. Nordman, B. and Christensen, K. (July 2009). Greener pcs for the enterprise. IEEE IT Professional.
  16. Nordman, B. and Christensen, K. (October 2007). Improving the energy efficiency of ethernet-connected devices: A proposal for proxying. Ethernet Alliance.
  17. Reich, J., Goraczko, M., Kansal, A., and Padhye, J. (2010). Sleepless in seattle no longer. In USENIX Annual Technical Conference. USENIX.
  18. Roberson, J. A., Homan, G. K., Mahajan, A., Nordman, B., Webber, C. A., Brown, R. E., McWhinney, M., and Koomey, J. G. (July 2002). Energy use and power levels in new monitors and personal computers. Environmental Energy Technologies Division.
  19. Roth, K., Goldstein, F., and Kleinman, J. (January 2002). Energy consumption by office and telecommunications equipment in commercial buildings volume i: energy consumption baseline. National Technical Information Service (NTIS), US Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA , 22161.
  20. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. (October 2007). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  21. Webber, C. A., Roberson, J. A., McWhinney, M. C., Brown, R. E., Pinckard, M. J., and Busch, J. F. (2006). Afterhours power status of office equipment in the usa. Energy, 31(14):2823 - 2838.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Setz B., Nizamic F., Lazovik A. and Aiello M. (2016). Power Management of Personal Computers based on User Behaviour . In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems - Volume 1: SMARTGREENS, ISBN 978-989-758-184-7, pages 409-416. DOI: 10.5220/0005762604090416


in Bibtex Style

@conference{smartgreens16,
author={Brian Setz and Faris Nizamic and Alexander Lazovik and Marco Aiello},
title={Power Management of Personal Computers based on User Behaviour},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems - Volume 1: SMARTGREENS,},
year={2016},
pages={409-416},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0005762604090416},
isbn={978-989-758-184-7},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems - Volume 1: SMARTGREENS,
TI - Power Management of Personal Computers based on User Behaviour
SN - 978-989-758-184-7
AU - Setz B.
AU - Nizamic F.
AU - Lazovik A.
AU - Aiello M.
PY - 2016
SP - 409
EP - 416
DO - 10.5220/0005762604090416