On Spectrogram Analysis in a Multiple Classifier Fusion Framework for Power Grid Classification Using Electric Network Frequency

Georgios Tzolopoulos, Christos Korgialas, Constantine Kotropoulos

2024

Abstract

The Electric Network Frequency (ENF) serves as a unique signature inherent to power distribution systems. Here, a novel approach for power grid classification is developed, leveraging ENF. Spectrograms are generated from audio and power recordings across different grids, revealing distinctive ENF patterns that aid in grid classification through a fusion of classifiers. Four traditional machine learning classifiers plus a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), optimized using Neural Architecture Search, are developed for One-vs-All classification. This process generates numerous predictions per sample, which are then compiled and used to train a shallow multi-label neural network specifically designed to model the fusion process, ultimately leading to the conclusive class prediction for each sample. Experimental findings reveal that both validation and testing accuracy outperform those of current state-of-the-art classifiers, underlining the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Tzolopoulos G., Korgialas C. and Kotropoulos C. (2024). On Spectrogram Analysis in a Multiple Classifier Fusion Framework for Power Grid Classification Using Electric Network Frequency. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods - Volume 1: ICPRAM; ISBN 978-989-758-684-2, SciTePress, pages 91-99. DOI: 10.5220/0012418400003654

in Bibtex Style

@conference{icpram24,
author={Georgios Tzolopoulos and Christos Korgialas and Constantine Kotropoulos},
title={On Spectrogram Analysis in a Multiple Classifier Fusion Framework for Power Grid Classification Using Electric Network Frequency},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods - Volume 1: ICPRAM},
year={2024},
pages={91-99},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0012418400003654},
isbn={978-989-758-684-2},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods - Volume 1: ICPRAM
TI - On Spectrogram Analysis in a Multiple Classifier Fusion Framework for Power Grid Classification Using Electric Network Frequency
SN - 978-989-758-684-2
AU - Tzolopoulos G.
AU - Korgialas C.
AU - Kotropoulos C.
PY - 2024
SP - 91
EP - 99
DO - 10.5220/0012418400003654
PB - SciTePress