How Many Times Do I Need to Say, ‘It Is Me’? Investigating Two-Factor Authentication with Older Adults in Norway

Way Kit Bong, Yuan Jing Li

2025

Abstract

We will have fewer healthcare personnel per older adult in the future. The use of assistive technology has been introduced to change the ways in which elderly care function, considering a more sustainable caregiving system. However, with the growing threats in cybersecurity, assistive technologies must be implemented with strong protective measures to ensure the privacy and safety of the elderly population. Two-factor authentication (2FA) has been implemented in most technologies used today, but not in assistive technologies. Research has also shown that 2FA methods can sometimes be user-unfriendly. Hence, in this study, we aim to explore the user experiences and attitudes of older adults in Norway towards performing 2FA, hoping that our findings can inform the implementation of assistive technologies. Through user testing and interviews with eight older adults, we found that 2FA methods using the physical bank code device and SMS verification were preferred. The perception of user-friendliness varied; Some prioritized ease in performing 2FA, while others valued familiarity, focusing more on avoiding mistakes. Based on our findings, we intend to implement the proposed 2FA methods into commonly used assistive technologies within the Norwegian caregiving system and evaluate these methods with a larger sample of older adults.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Bong W. and Li Y. (2025). How Many Times Do I Need to Say, ‘It Is Me’? Investigating Two-Factor Authentication with Older Adults in Norway. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health - Volume 1: ICT4AWE; ISBN 978-989-758-743-6, SciTePress, pages 25-34. DOI: 10.5220/0013206500003938

in Bibtex Style

@conference{ict4awe25,
author={Way Kit Bong and Yuan Jing Li},
title={How Many Times Do I Need to Say, ‘It Is Me’? Investigating Two-Factor Authentication with Older Adults in Norway},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health - Volume 1: ICT4AWE},
year={2025},
pages={25-34},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0013206500003938},
isbn={978-989-758-743-6},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health - Volume 1: ICT4AWE
TI - How Many Times Do I Need to Say, ‘It Is Me’? Investigating Two-Factor Authentication with Older Adults in Norway
SN - 978-989-758-743-6
AU - Bong W.
AU - Li Y.
PY - 2025
SP - 25
EP - 34
DO - 10.5220/0013206500003938
PB - SciTePress